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This chapter presents a self-contained approach of variational analysis and generalized differentiation to deriving necessary optimality in problems of bilevel optimization with Lipschitzian data. We mainly concentrate on optimistic models,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Boris S. Mordukhovich

We present an efficient optimization framework that solves trajectory optimization problems by decoupling state variables from timing variables, thereby decomposing a challenging nonlinear programming (NLP) problem into two easier…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Weidong Sun , Gao Tang , Kris Hauser

We investigate a family of bilevel imaging learning problems where the lower-level instance corresponds to a convex variational model involving first- and second-order nonsmooth sparsity-based regularizers. By using geometric properties of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Juan Carlos De los Reyes

In this paper, we study a fixed-confidence, fixed-tolerance formulation of a class of stochastic bi-level optimization problems, where the upper-level problem selects from a finite set of systems based on a performance metric, and the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-20 Yuhao Wang , Seong-Hee Kim , Enlu Zhou

This paper analyzes a two-timescale stochastic algorithm framework for bilevel optimization. Bilevel optimization is a class of problems which exhibit a two-level structure, and its goal is to minimize an outer objective function with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Mingyi Hong , Hoi-To Wai , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

This paper is concerned with the value function approach to multiobjective bilevel optimization which exploits a lower level frontier-type mapping in order to replace the hierarchical model of two interdependent multiobjective optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-30 Daniel Hoff , Patrick Mehlitz

Inverse problem or parameter estimation of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), the iterative process of minimizing the mismatch between model-predicted and experimental states by tuning the parameter values within an optimization…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Siddharth Prabhu , Srinivas Rangarajan , Mayuresh Kothare

This paper investigates a class of stochastic bilevel optimization problems where the upper-level function is nonconvex with potentially unbounded smoothness and the lower-level problem is strongly convex. These problems have significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

This paper firstly proposes a convex bilevel optimization paradigm to formulate and optimize popular learning and vision problems in real-world scenarios. Different from conventional approaches, which directly design their iteration schemes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Risheng Liu , Long Ma , Xiaoming Yuan , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Alternating gradient-descent-ascent (AltGDA) is an optimization algorithm that has been widely used for model training in various machine learning applications, which aims to solve a nonconvex minimax optimization problem. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Ziyi Chen , Shaocong Ma , Yi Zhou

In machine learning, the goal of multi-task learning (MTL) is to optimize multiple objectives together. Recent works, for example, Multiple Gradient Descent Algorithm (MGDA) and its variants, show promising results with dynamically adjusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xuxing Chen , Yun He , Jiayi Xu , Minhui Huang , Xiaoyi Liu , Boyang Liu , Fei Tian , Xiaohan Wei , Rong Jin , Sem Park , Bo Long , Xue Feng

Bilevel programs with spatial price equilibrium constraints are strategic models that consider a price competition at the lower level. These models find application in facility location-price models, optimal bidding in power networks, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Akshit Goyal , Jean-Philippe P. Richard

Bilevel optimization is a popular hierarchical model in machine learning, and has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks such as meta learning, hyperparameter learning and policy optimization. Although many bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Feihu Huang

We propose a new neural network based method for solving inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs) by formulating the PDE inverse problem as a bilevel optimization problem. At the upper level, we minimize the data loss with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ray Zirui Zhang , Christopher E. Miles , Xiaohui Xie , John S. Lowengrub

We consider stochastic unconstrained bilevel optimization problems when only the first-order gradient oracles are available. While numerous optimization methods have been proposed for tackling bilevel problems, existing methods either tend…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak

Bilevel Optimization has witnessed notable progress recently with new emerging efficient algorithms and has been applied to many machine learning tasks such as data cleaning, few-shot learning, and neural architecture search. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

In this paper we propose a sequential minimax optimization (SMO) method for solving a class of constrained bilevel optimization problems in which the lower-level part is a possibly nonsmooth convex optimization problem, while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Zhaosong Lu , Sanyou Mei

Bilevel optimization plays an essential role in many machine learning tasks, ranging from hyperparameter optimization to meta-learning. Existing studies on bilevel optimization, however, focus on either centralized or synchronous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Yang Jiao , Kai Yang , Tiancheng Wu , Dongjin Song , Chengtao Jian

With the success that the field of bilevel optimization has seen in recent years, similar methodologies have started being applied to solving more difficult applications that arise in trilevel optimization. At the helm of these applications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

We consider the standard optimistic bilevel optimization problem, in particular upper- and lower-level constraints can be coupled. By means of the lower-level value function, the problem is transformed into a single-level optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Andreas Fischer , Alain B. Zemkoho , Shenglong Zhou
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