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This paper addresses the limitations of large-scale language models in safety alignment and robustness by proposing a fine-tuning method that combines contrastive distillation with noise-robust training. The method freezes the backbone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jiasen Zheng , Huajun Zhang , Xu Yan , Ran Hao , Chong Peng

Knowledge distillation has become widely recognized for its ability to transfer knowledge from a large teacher network to a compact and more streamlined student network. Traditional knowledge distillation methods primarily follow a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Chaomin Shen , Yaomin Huang , Haokun Zhu , Jinsong Fan , Guixu Zhang

We investigate the robustness of fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) for the task of Natural Language Inference (NLI), finding that the in-distribution gains from fine-tuning correspond to a large drop in out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Joe Stacey , Lisa Alazraki , Aran Ubhi , Beyza Ermis , Aaron Mueller , Marek Rei

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is one of the approaches to reduce the size of Large Language Models (LLMs). A LLM with smaller number of model parameters (student) is trained to mimic the performance of a LLM of a larger size (teacher model)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Rishika Sen , Sujoy Roychowdhury , Sumit Soman , H. G. Ranjani , Srikhetra Mohanty

Self-supervised representation learning has proved to be a valuable component for out-of-distribution (OoD) detection with only the texts of in-distribution (ID) examples. These approaches either train a language model from scratch or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Qianhui Wu , Huiqiang Jiang , Haonan Yin , Börje F. Karlsson , Chin-Yew Lin

Pre-trained language models achieve outstanding performance in NLP tasks. Various knowledge distillation methods have been proposed to reduce the heavy computation and storage requirements of pre-trained language models. However, from our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Xin Guo , Jianlei Yang , Haoyi Zhou , Xucheng Ye , Jianxin Li

Knowledge distillation methods have recently shown to be a promising direction to speedup the synthesis of large-scale diffusion models by requiring only a few inference steps. While several powerful distillation methods were recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Nikita Starodubcev , Artem Fedorov , Artem Babenko , Dmitry Baranchuk

Causal language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their size poses significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. Knowledge distillation, a widely-used technique for transferring knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Makoto Shing , Kou Misaki , Han Bao , Sho Yokoi , Takuya Akiba

Knowledge distillation addresses the problem of transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model. In this process, we typically have multiple types of knowledge extracted from the teacher model. The problem is to make full use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Chenglong Wang , Yi Lu , Yongyu Mu , Yimin Hu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Knowledge distillation improves large language model (LLM) reasoning by compressing the knowledge of a teacher LLM to train smaller LLMs. On-policy distillation advances this approach by having the student sample its own trajectories while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Siyan Zhao , Zhihui Xie , Mengchen Liu , Jing Huang , Guan Pang , Feiyu Chen , Aditya Grover

Knowledge Distillation is a technique which aims to utilize dark knowledge to compress and transfer information from a vast, well-trained neural network (teacher model) to a smaller, less capable neural network (student model) with improved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Fahad Rahman Amik , Ahnaf Ismat Tasin , Silvia Ahmed , M. M. Lutfe Elahi , Nabeel Mohammed

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is increasingly adopted to transfer capabilities from large language models to smaller ones, offering significant improvements in efficiency and utility while often surpassing standard fine-tuning. Beyond…

Knowledge distillation has attracted a great deal of interest recently to compress pre-trained language models. However, existing knowledge distillation methods suffer from two limitations. First, the student model simply imitates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Siyue Wu , Hongzhan Chen , Xiaojun Quan , Qifan Wang , Rui Wang

Large-scale language models have recently demonstrated impressive empirical performance. Nevertheless, the improved results are attained at the price of bigger models, more power consumption, and slower inference, which hinder their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Kevin J Liang , Weituo Hao , Dinghan Shen , Yufan Zhou , Weizhu Chen , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been extensively used for natural language understanding (NLU) tasks to improve a small model's (a student) generalization by transferring the knowledge from a larger model (a teacher). Although KD methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Aref Jafari , Ivan Kobyzev , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Pascal Poupart , Ali Ghodsi

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a simple and successful method to transfer knowledge from a teacher to a student model solely based on functional activity. However, current KD has a few shortcomings: it has recently been shown that this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Arne F. Nix , Max F. Burg , Fabian H. Sinz

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a widely adopted approach for compressing large neural networks by transferring knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. In the context of large language models, token level KD,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Zhengming Xing , Ruijie Jiang

Knowledge distillation involves transferring the predictive capabilities of large, high-performing AI models (teachers) to smaller models (students) that can operate in environments with limited computing power. In this paper, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pattarawat Chormai , Ali Hashemi , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

Knowledge distillation, a technique for model compression and performance enhancement, has gained significant traction in Neural Machine Translation (NMT). However, existing research primarily focuses on empirical applications, and there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jingxuan Wei , Linzhuang Sun , Xu Tan , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo

This paper addresses the challenges of high computational cost and slow inference in deploying large language models. It proposes a distillation strategy guided by multiple teacher models. The method constructs several teacher models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiandong Meng , Yan Wu , Yexin Tian , Xin Hu , Tianze Kang , Junliang Du