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Autoencoders are certainly among the most studied and used Deep Learning models: the idea behind them is to train a model in order to reconstruct the same input data. The peculiarity of these models is to compress the information through a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Gabriele Martino , Davide Moroni , Massimo Martinelli

Autoencoders provide a powerful framework for learning compressed representations by encoding all of the information needed to reconstruct a data point in a latent code. In some cases, autoencoders can "interpolate": By decoding the convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 David Berthelot , Colin Raffel , Aurko Roy , Ian Goodfellow

An autoencoder is a neural network which data projects to and from a lower dimensional latent space, where this data is easier to understand and model. The autoencoder consists of two sub-networks, the encoder and the decoder, which carry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Saïd Ladjal , Alasdair Newson , Chi-Hieu Pham

The omnipresence of deep learning architectures such as deep convolutional neural networks (CNN)s is fueled by the synergistic combination of ever-increasing labeled datasets and specialized hardware. Despite the indisputable success, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-29 Meshia Cédric Oveneke , Mitchel Aliosha-Perez , Yong Zhao , Dongmei Jiang , Hichem Sahli

Variational autoencoders learn unsupervised data representations, but these models frequently converge to minima that fail to preserve meaningful semantic information. For example, variational autoencoders with autoregressive decoders often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Bryan Seybold , Emily Fertig , Alex Alemi , Ian Fischer

The joint optimization of the reconstruction and classification error is a hard non convex problem, especially when a non linear mapping is utilized. In order to overcome this obstacle, a novel optimization strategy is proposed, in which a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Ioannis A. Nellas , Sotiris K. Tasoulis , Vassilis P. Plagianakos , Spiros V. Georgakopoulos

Linear autoencoders (LAEs) have gained increasing popularity in recommender systems due to their simplicity and strong empirical performance. Most LAE models, including the Emphasized Denoising Linear Autoencoder (EDLAE) introduced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ruixin Guo , Xinyu Li , Hao Zhou , Yang Zhou , Ruoming Jin

Denoising autoencoders (DAEs) have proven useful for unsupervised representation learning, but a thorough theoretical understanding is still lacking of how the input noise influences learning. Here we develop theory for how noise influences…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-31 Arnu Pretorius , Steve Kroon , Herman Kamper

We investigate geometric regularization strategies for learned latent representations in encoder--decoder reduced-order models. In a fixed experimental setting for the advection--diffusion--reaction (ADR) equation, we model latent dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mikhail Osipov

Low-rank modeling has many important applications in computer vision and machine learning. While the matrix rank is often approximated by the convex nuclear norm, the use of nonconvex low-rank regularizers has demonstrated better empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Quanming Yao , James T. Kwok , Taifeng Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Autoencoders are a type of unsupervised neural networks, which can be used to solve various tasks, e.g., dimensionality reduction, image compression, and image denoising. An AE has two goals: (i) compress the original input to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Firas Laakom , Jenni Raitoharju , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Learning a generative model of visual information with sparse and compositional features has been a challenge for both theoretical neuroscience and machine learning communities. Sparse coding models have achieved great success in explaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Linxing Preston Jiang , Luciano de la Iglesia

Autoencoders and their variations provide unsupervised models for learning low-dimensional representations for downstream tasks. Without proper regularization, autoencoder models are susceptible to the overfitting problem and the so-called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Hanwei Wu , Markus Flierl

Autoencoders are unsupervised machine learning circuits whose learning goal is to minimize a distortion measure between inputs and outputs. Linear autoencoders can be defined over any field and only real-valued linear autoencoder have been…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-03-19 Pierre Baldi , Zhiqin Lu

Autoencoders are among the earliest introduced nonlinear models for unsupervised learning. Although they are widely adopted beyond research, it has been a longstanding open problem to understand mathematically the feature extraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Phan-Minh Nguyen

An important component of autoencoders is the method by which the information capacity of the latent representation is minimized or limited. In this work, the rank of the covariance matrix of the codes is implicitly minimized by relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Li Jing , Jure Zbontar , Yann LeCun

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) minimizes the reconstruction error given a class of linear models of fixed component dimensionality. Probabilistic PCA adds a probabilistic structure by learning the probability distribution of the PCA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Vanessa Böhm , Uroš Seljak

Modern text classification methods heavily rely on contextual embeddings from large language models (LLMs). Compared to human-engineered features, these embeddings provide automatic and effective representations for classification model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xuansheng Wu , Wenhao Yu , Xiaoming Zhai , Ninghao Liu

Convex regularizers are often used for sparse learning. They are easy to optimize, but can lead to inferior prediction performance. The difference of $\ell_1$ and $\ell_2$ ($\ell_{1-2}$) regularizer has been recently proposed as a nonconvex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Quanming Yao , James T. Kwok , Xiawei Guo

Deterministic Rank Reduction Autoencoders (RRAEs) enforce by construction a regularization on the latent space by applying a truncated SVD. While this regularization makes Autoencoders more powerful, using them for generative purposes is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jad Mounayer , Alicia Tierz , Jerome Tomezyk , Chady Ghnatios , Francisco Chinesta