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Analogical reasoning -- the capacity to identify and map structural relationships between different domains -- is fundamental to human cognition and learning. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) can sometimes match…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sam Musker , Alex Duchnowski , Raphaël Millière , Ellie Pavlick

Analogical reasoning is at the core of human cognition, serving as an important foundation for a variety of intellectual activities. While prior work has shown that LLMs can represent task patterns and surface-level concepts, it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Taewhoo Lee , Minju Song , Chanwoong Yoon , Jungwoo Park , Jaewoo Kang

As a core cognitive skill that enables the transferability of information across domains, analogical reasoning has been extensively studied for both humans and computational models. However, while cognitive theories of analogy often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhivar Sourati , Filip Ilievski , Pia Sommerauer , Yifan Jiang

Research in AI using Large-Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly evolving, and the comparison of their performance with human reasoning has become a key concern. Prior studies have indicated that LLMs and humans share similar biases, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hirohiko Abe , Risako Ando , Takanobu Morishita Kentaro Ozeki , Koji Mineshima , Mitsuhiro Okada

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have brought them closer to matching human cognition across a variety of tasks. How well do these models align with human performance in detecting and mapping analogies? Prior research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kalit Inani , Keshav Kabra , Vijay Marupudi , Sashank Varma

Analogical reasoning, the transfer of relational structures across contexts (e.g., planet is to sun as electron is to nucleus), is fundamental to scientific discovery. Yet human insight is often constrained by domain expertise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hongyu Guo

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to encode syntactic and semantic structures of language is well examined in NLP. Additionally, analogy identification, in the form of word analogies are extensively studied in the last decade of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Thilini Wijesiriwardene , Ruwan Wickramarachchi , Aishwarya Naresh Reganti , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Analogical reasoning is a fundamental capacity of human cognition that allows us to reason abstractly about novel situations by relating them to past experiences. While it is thought to be essential for robust reasoning in AI systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaoyang Hu , Shane Storks , Richard L. Lewis , Joyce Chai

This study investigates whether large language models, specifically GPT4, can match human capabilities in analogical reasoning within strategic decision making contexts. Using a novel experimental design involving source to target matching,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Phanish Puranam , Prothit Sen , Maciej Workiewicz

Analogy is a central faculty of human intelligence, enabling abstract patterns discovered in one domain to be applied to another. Despite its central role in cognition, the mechanisms by which Transformers acquire and implement analogical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gouki Minegishi , Jingyuan Feng , Hiroki Furuta , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Understanding whether large language models (LLMs) and the human brain converge on similar computational principles remains a fundamental and important question in cognitive neuroscience and AI. Do the brain-like patterns observed in LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yu Lei , Xingyang Ge , Yi Zhang , Yiming Yang , Bolei Ma

Analogical reasoning has been a principal focus of various waves of AI research. Analogy is particularly challenging for machines because it requires relational structures to be represented such that they can be flexibly applied across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Felix Hill , Adam Santoro , David G. T. Barrett , Ari S. Morcos , Timothy Lillicrap

Analogical reasoning, particularly in multimodal contexts, is the foundation of human perception and creativity. Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) has recently sparked considerable discussion due to its emergent capabilities. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Diandian Guo , Cong Cao , Fangfang Yuan , Dakui Wang , Wei Ma , Yanbing Liu , Jianhui Fu

Analogy-making between narratives is crucial for human reasoning. In this paper, we evaluate the ability to identify and generate analogies by constructing a first-of-its-kind large-scale story-level analogy corpus, \textsc{StoryAnalogy},…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cheng Jiayang , Lin Qiu , Tsz Ho Chan , Tianqing Fang , Weiqi Wang , Chunkit Chan , Dongyu Ru , Qipeng Guo , Hongming Zhang , Yangqiu Song , Yue Zhang , Zheng Zhang

Analogical reasoning is a powerful qualitative reasoning tool that enables humans to connect two situations, and to generalize their knowledge from familiar to novel situations. Cognitive Science research provides valuable insights into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Thiloshon Nagarajah , Filip Ilievski , Jay Pujara

Analogy is core to human cognition. It allows us to solve problems based on prior experience, it governs the way we conceptualize new information, and it even influences our visual perception. The importance of analogy to humans has made it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Maxwell Crouse , Constantine Nakos , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Kenneth Forbus

While analogies are a common way to evaluate word embeddings in NLP, it is also of interest to investigate whether or not analogical reasoning is a task in itself that can be learned. In this paper, we test several ways to learn basic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Molly R. Petersen , Lonneke van der Plas

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like abilities in language-based tasks. While language is a defining feature of human intelligence, it emerges from more fundamental neurophysical processes rather than constituting the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-12 Doai Ngo , Mingxuan Sun , Zhengji Zhang , Ashwin G Ramayya , Mark Schnitzer , Zhe Zhao

In this work we use the recent advances in representation learning to propose a neural architecture for the problem of natural language inference. Our approach is aligned to mimic how a human does the natural language inference process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Biswajit Paria , K. M. Annervaz , Ambedkar Dukkipati , Ankush Chatterjee , Sanjay Podder

Humans regularly engage in analogical thinking, relating personal experiences to current situations (X is analogous to Y because of Z). Analogical thinking allows humans to solve problems in creative ways, grasp difficult concepts, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Xiao Ye , Andrew Wang , Jacob Choi , Yining Lu , Shreya Sharma , Lingfeng Shen , Vijay Tiyyala , Nicholas Andrews , Daniel Khashabi
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