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The Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation for scalar-scalar bound states in scalar theories without derivative coupling is formulated and solved in Minkowski space. This is achieved using the perturbation theory integral representation (PTIR), which…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-11-03 Kensuke Kusaka , Anthony G. Williams

We study the three-quark ladder Bethe--Salpeter equation in Minkowski-space QCD$_2$ in the light-cone gauge. Using the quasi-potential expansion, we project the baryon equation onto the light front and show that, at leading order in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-11 Satvir Kaur , Sreeraj Nair , Chandan Mondal , Jiangshan Lan , Xingbo Zhao , J. P. B. C. de Melo , Tobias Frederico

We have calculated the electromagnetic elastic form factor of a two body scalar bound state. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved directly in the Minkowski space using the Perturbation Theory Integral Representation. At soft coupling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir Sauli

We compute the spectrum of light mesons, composed by up, down, and strange quarks, using a symmetry-preserving approximation that permits the inclusion of fully-dressed quark-gluon vertices in the key dynamical equations. This method is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-09 M. N. Ferreira , A. S. Miramontes , J. M. Morgado , J. Papavassiliou

For a two-particle bound-state equation closer to its Bethe-Salpeter origins than Salpeter's equation, with effective-interaction kernel deliberately forged such as to ensure, in the limit of zero mass of the bound-state constituents, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-02 Wolfgang Lucha , Franz F. Schoberl

To solve the spinor-spinor Bethe-Salpeter equation in Euclidean space we propose a novel method related to the use of hyperspherical harmonics. We suggest an appropriate extension to form a new basis of spin-angular harmonics that is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. M. Dorkin , M. Beyer , S. S. Semikh , L. P. Kaptari

The pion structure in Minkowski space is described in terms of an analytic model of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude combined with Euclidean Lattice QCD results for the running quark mass. In the present work, a pion model previously proposed,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-12-17 J. P. B. C. de Melo , Rômulo M. Moita , Tobias Frederico

The scalar three-body Bethe-Salpeter equation, with zero-range interaction, is solved in Minkowski space by direct integration of the four-dimensional integral equation. The singularities appearing in the propagators are treated properly by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-27 E. Ydrefors , J. H. Alvarenga Nogueira , V. A. Karmanov , T. Frederico

We undertake the challenging task to reveal the properties of dressed light-quarks in the space- and time-like regions. For that aim, we solved the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) in Minkowski space for the quark propagator in a QCD inspired…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-07-13 Dyana C. Duarte , Tobias Frederico , Wayne de Paula , Emanuel Ydrefors

Within our description of Goldstone-type pseudoscalar mesons as almost massless bound states of quark and antiquark by a three-dimensional bound-state equation of Bethe-Salpeter origin, taking into account the pointwise behaviour of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-22 Wolfgang Lucha , Franz F. Schoberl

The off-mass shell scattering amplitude, satisfying the Bethe-Salpeter equation for spinless particles in Minkowski space with the ladder kernel, is computed for the first time.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-12-05 V. A. Karmanov , J. Carbonell

We develop a new method of solving Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation in Minkowski space. It is based on projecting the BS equation on the light-front (LF) plane and on the Nakanishi integral representation of the BS amplitude. This method is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 V. A. Karmanov , J. Carbonell

We present a new method for solving the two-body Bethe-Salpeter equation in Minkowski space. It is based on the Nakanishi integral representation of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitude and on subsequent projection of the equation on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Carbonell , V. A. Karmanov

We study the suppression of non-planar diagrams in a scalar QCD model of a meson system in $3+1$ space-time dimensions due to the inclusion of the color degrees of freedom. As a prototype of the color-singlet meson, we consider a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 J. H. Alvarenga Nogueira , Chueng-Ryong Ji , E. Ydrefors , T. Frederico

The formation and spectrum of two-particle bound states are investigated within a simple relativistic quantum field model with the Yukawa-type interaction. Within this approach, relatively weakly interacting quarks and gluons form stable…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Ganbold

We present a practical method for the solution of the quark-gluon vertex for use in Bethe--Salpeter and Dyson--Schwinger calculations. The efficient decomposition into the necessary covariants is detailed, with the numerical algorithm…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-11 Richard Williams

The problem of a relativistic bound-state system consisting of two scalar bosons interacting through the exchange of another scalar boson, in 2+1 space-time dimensions, has been studied. The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) was solved by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-09-13 V. Gigante , J. H. Alvarenga Nogueira , E. Ydrefors , C. Gutierrez

The large-distance dynamics in quarkonium systems is investigated, in the large N limit, through the saturation of Wilson loop averages by minimal surfaces. Using a representation for the quark propagator in the presence of the external…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 F. Jugeau , H. Sazdjian

The Nakanishi perturbative integral representation of the four-dimensional T-matrix is investigated in order to get a workable treatment for scattering states, solutions of the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation, in Minkowski space. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Tobias Frederico , Giovanni Salmè , Michele Viviani

We present the Minkowski space solutions of the inhomogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation for spinless particles with a ladder kernel. The off-mass shell scattering amplitude is first obtained.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-11 V. A. Karmanov , J. Carbonell