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The recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked a growing apprehension regarding the potential misuse. One approach to mitigating this risk is to incorporate watermarking techniques into LLMs, allowing for the tracking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Zhengmian Hu , Lichang Chen , Xidong Wu , Yihan Wu , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

The success of machine learning for real-world robotic systems has created a new form of intellectual property: the trained policy. This raises a critical need for novel methods that verify ownership and detect unauthorized, possibly unsafe…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Michael Amir , Manon Flageat , Amanda Prorok

Invisible image watermarking can protect image ownership and prevent malicious misuse of visual generative models. However, existing generative watermarking methods are mainly designed for diffusion models while watermarking for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yu Tong , Zihao Pan , Shuai Yang , Kaiyang Zhou

From network topologies to online social networks, many of today's most sensitive datasets are captured in large graphs. A significant challenge facing owners of these datasets is how to share sensitive graphs with collaborators and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Xiaohan Zhao , Qingyun Liu , Lin Zhou , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Deepfake technology poses increasing risks such as privacy invasion and identity theft. To address these threats, we propose WaveGuard, a proactive watermarking framework that enhances robustness and imperceptibility via frequency-domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ziyuan He , Zhiqing Guo , Liejun Wang , Gaobo Yang , Yunfeng Diao , Dan Ma

Speech provenance goes beyond detecting whether a watermark is present. Real workflows involve splicing, quoting, trimming, and platform-level transforms that may preserve some regions while altering others. Neural watermarking systems have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Tatsunori Ono

Language models now routinely produce text that is difficult to distinguish from human writing, raising the need for robust tools to verify content provenance. Watermarking has emerged as a promising countermeasure, with existing work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Huijia Lin , Kameron Shahabi , Min Jae Song

Many learning tasks require us to deal with graph data which contains rich relational information among elements, leading increasing graph neural network (GNN) models to be deployed in industrial products for improving the quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiangyu Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

Advancements in deep generative models have made it possible to synthesize images, videos and audio signals that are difficult to distinguish from natural signals, creating opportunities for potential abuse of these capabilities. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Jamie Hayes , Krishnamurthy , Dvijotham , Yutian Chen , Sander Dieleman , Pushmeet Kohli , Norman Casagrande

Deep convolutional neural networks have made outstanding contributions in many fields such as computer vision in the past few years and many researchers published well-trained network for downloading. But recent studies have shown serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Xiquan Guan , Huamin Feng , Weiming Zhang , Hang Zhou , Jie Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Watermarking is the process of embedding information into an image that can survive under distortions, while requiring the encoded image to have little or no perceptual difference from the original image. Recently, deep learning-based…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xiyang Luo , Ruohan Zhan , Huiwen Chang , Feng Yang , Peyman Milanfar

With the increasing popularity of large language models, concerns over content authenticity have led to the development of myriad watermarking schemes. These schemes can be used to detect a machine-generated text via an appropriate key,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-26 Soham Bonnerjee , Sayar Karmakar , Subhrajyoty Roy

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking is crucial for establishing the provenance of machine-generated text, but most existing methods rely on a centralized trust model. This model forces users to reveal potentially sensitive text to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xiaokun Luan , Yihao Zhang , Pengcheng Su , Feiran Lei , Meng Sun

Large Language Model-based Time Series Forecasting (LLMTS) has shown remarkable promise in handling complex and diverse temporal data, representing a significant step toward foundation models for time series analysis. However, this emerging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Wei Yuan , Chaoqun Yang , Yu Xing , Tong Chen , Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung , Hongzhi Yin

A recent watermarking scheme for language models achieves distortion-free embedding and robustness to edit-distance attacks. However, it suffers from limited generation diversity and high detection overhead. In parallel, recent research has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Yangkun Wang , Jingbo Shang

Identifying LLM-generated code through watermarking poses a challenge in preserving functional correctness. Previous methods rely on the assumption that watermarking high-entropy tokens effectively maintains output quality. Our analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jungin Kim , Shinwoo Park , Yo-Sub Han

Software piracy, the illegal using, copying, and resale of applications is a major concern for anyone develops software. Software developers also worry about their applications being reverse engineered by extracting data structures and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-04-20 Zaenal Akbar

Since the remarkable generation performance of large language models raised ethical and legal concerns, approaches to detect machine-generated text by embedding watermarks are being developed. However, we discover that the existing works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Taehyun Lee , Seokhee Hong , Jaewoo Ahn , Ilgee Hong , Hwaran Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Jamin Shin , Gunhee Kim

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates reliable methods to detect LLM-generated text. We introduce SimMark, a robust sentence-level watermarking algorithm that makes LLMs' outputs traceable without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amirhossein Dabiriaghdam , Lele Wang

Watermarking enables GenAI providers to verify whether content was generated by their models. A watermark is a hidden signal in the content, whose presence can be detected using a secret watermark key. A core security threat are forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Toluwani Aremu , Noor Hussein , Munachiso Nwadike , Samuele Poppi , Jie Zhang , Karthik Nandakumar , Neil Gong , Nils Lukas