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This paper investigates discrete and continuous speech representations in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), organizing them by feature continuity and training approach into four categories: supervised and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yaoxun Xu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Zhiyong Wu , Dong Yu

Automatic recognition of disordered and elderly speech remains a highly challenging task to date due to the difficulty in collecting such data in large quantities. This paper explores a series of approaches to integrate domain adapted SSL…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Shujie Hu , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Yi Wang , Mingyu Cui , Jiajun Deng , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

The success of self-supervised learning (SSL) has mostly been attributed to the availability of unlabeled yet large-scale datasets. However, in a specialized domain such as medical imaging which is a lot different from natural images, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Soumitri Chattopadhyay , Soham Ganguly , Sreejit Chaudhury , Sayan Nag , Samiran Chattopadhyay

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful technique for learning visual representations. While recent SSL approaches achieve strong results in global image understanding, they are limited in capturing the structured…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Oussama Hadjerci , Antoine Letienne , Mohamed Abbas Hedjazi , Adel Hafiane

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for medical image representation learning, particularly in settings with limited labeled data. However, existing SSL methods often rely on complex architectures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Azad Singh , Deepak Mishra

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is used in deep learning to train on large datasets without the need for expensive labelling of the data. Recently, large Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models such as XLS-R have utilised SSL to train on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-03 Edward Storey , Naomi Harte , Peter Bell

Self-supervised learning (SSL) on large-scale datasets like AudioSet has become the dominant paradigm for audio representation learning. While the continuous influx of new, unlabeled audio presents an opportunity to enrich these static…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Yizhou Zhang , Yuan Gao , Wangjin Zhou , Zicheng Yuan , Keisuke Imoto , Tatsuya Kawahara

The past decade has witnessed great progress in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) due to advances in deep learning. The improvements in performance can be attributed to both improved models and large-scale training data. Key to training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Xiaodong Cui , Wei Zhang , Ulrich Finkler , George Saon , Michael Picheny , David Kung

Spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks are usually solved by first transcribing an utterance with automatic speech recognition (ASR) and then feeding the output to a text-based model. Recent advances in self-supervised representation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-01 Lasse Borgholt , Jakob Drachmann Havtorn , Mostafa Abdou , Joakim Edin , Lars Maaløe , Anders Søgaard , Christian Igel

Speech representation learning approaches for non-semantic tasks such as language recognition have either explored supervised embedding extraction methods using a classifier model or self-supervised representation learning approaches using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shikhar Vashishth , Shikhar Bharadwaj , Sriram Ganapathy , Ankur Bapna , Min Ma , Wei Han , Vera Axelrod , Partha Talukdar

Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have posed a significant challenge for automatic speech recognition (ASR). ASR relies on extensive training datasets, including confidential ones, and demands substantial computational and storage…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Hamza Kheddar , Mustapha Hemis , Yassine Himeur

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful technique for learning rich representations from unlabeled data. The data representations are able to capture many underlying attributes of data, and be useful in downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Weicheng Zhu , Sheng Liu , Carlos Fernandez-Granda , Narges Razavian

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has recently shown remarkable results in closing the gap between supervised and unsupervised learning. The idea is to learn robust features that are invariant to distortions of the input data. Despite its…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Bac Nguyen , Stefan Uhlich , Fabien Cardinaux

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models use only the intrinsic structure of a given signal, independent of its acoustic domain, to extract essential information from the input to an embedding space. This implies that the utility of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Eklavya Sarkar , Mathew Magimai. -Doss

Underperformance of ASR systems for speakers of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and other marginalized language varieties is a well-documented phenomenon, and one that reinforces the stigmatization of these varieties. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Kalvin Chang , Yi-Hui Chou , Jiatong Shi , Hsuan-Ming Chen , Nicole Holliday , Odette Scharenborg , David R. Mortensen

Foundation models (FMs), powered by self-supervised learning (SSL), have redefined the capabilities of artificial intelligence, demonstrating exceptional performance in domains like natural language processing and computer vision. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hamdi Altaheri , Fakhri Karray , Md. Milon Islam , S M Taslim Uddin Raju , Amir-Hossein Karimi

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models with low-footprint are increasingly being deployed on edge devices for conversational agents, which enhances privacy. We study the problem of federated continual incremental learning for recurrent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-22 Milind Rao , Gopinath Chennupati , Gautam Tiwari , Anit Kumar Sahu , Anirudh Raju , Ariya Rastrow , Jasha Droppo

Depression is a growing concern gaining attention in both public discourse and AI research. While deep neural networks (DNNs) have been used for recognition, they still lack real-world effectiveness. Large language models (LLMs) show strong…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yupei Li , Shuaijie Shao , Manuel Milling , Björn W. Schuller

Collecting sufficient labeled data for spoken language understanding (SLU) is expensive and time-consuming. Recent studies achieved promising results by using pre-trained models in low-resource scenarios. Inspired by this, we aim to ask:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Yifan Peng , Siddhant Arora , Yosuke Higuchi , Yushi Ueda , Sujay Kumar , Karthik Ganesan , Siddharth Dalmia , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

Self-training (ST) and self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have demonstrated strong improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In spite of these advances, to the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of how the composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dan Berrebbi , Ronan Collobert , Navdeep Jaitly , Tatiana Likhomanenko