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We study whether specific combinations of technological advancements can signal the presence of local capabilities allowing for a given industrial production. To this end, we generate a multi-layer network using country-level patent and…

Great part of the interest in complex networks has been motivated by the presence of structured, frequently non-uniform, connectivity. Because diverse connectivity patterns tend to result in distinct network dynamics, and also because they…

The structure of the network can be described by motifs, which are subgraphs that often repeat themselves. In order to understand the structure of network motifs, it is of great importance to study subgraphs from the perspective of…

The identification of motifs--subgraphs that appear significantly more often in a particular network than in an ensemble of randomized networks--has become a ubiquitous method for uncovering potentially important subunits within networks…

Nestedness has traditionally been used to detect assembly patterns in meta-communities and networks of interacting species. Attempts have also been made to uncover nested structures in international trade, typically represented as bipartite…

Complex systems frequently exhibit multi-way, rather than pairwise, interactions. These group interactions cannot be faithfully modeled as collections of pairwise interactions using graphs and instead require hypergraphs. However, methods…

Background: Networks in different domains are characterized by similar global characteristics while differing in local structures. To further extend this concept, we investigated network regularities on a fine scale in order to examine the…

We introduce a new method for finding network motifs: interesting or informative subgraph patterns in a network. Subgraphs are motifs when their frequency in the data is high compared to the expected frequency under a null model. To compute…

We introduce the concept of time series motifs for time series analysis. Time series motifs consider not only the spatial information of mutual visibility but also the temporal information of relative magnitude between the data points. We…

Networks of social interactions are the substrate upon which civilizations are built. Often, we create new bonds with people that we like or feel that our relationships are damaged through the intervention of third parties. Despite their…

Recent crises have shown that the knowledge of the structure of input-output networks at the firm level is crucial when studying economic resilience from the microscopic point of view of firms that rewire their connections under supply and…

The topology of production networks determines the propagation mechanisms of local shocks and thus the co-movement of industries. As a result, we need a more precisely defined production network to model economic growth accurately. In this…

Networks are a fundamental model of complex systems throughout the sciences, and network datasets are typically analyzed through lower-order connectivity patterns described at the level of individual nodes and edges. However, higher-order…

Network motifs are often called the building blocks of networks. Analysis of motifs is found to be an indispensable tool for understanding local network structure, in contrast to measures based on node degree distribution and its functions…

Real-world multi-layer networks feature nontrivial dependencies among links of different layers. Here we argue that, if links are directed, dependencies are twofold. Besides the ordinary tendency of links of different layers to align as the…

Over the last two decades, network theory has shown to be a fruitful paradigm in understanding the organization and functioning of real-world complex systems. One technique helpful to this endeavor is identifying functionally influential…

Structural balance in social network theory starts from signed networks with active relationships (friendly or hostile) to establish a hierarchy between four different types of triadic relationships. The lack of an active link also provides…

Recent advances in the study of networked systems have highlighted that our interconnected world is composed of networks that are coupled to each other through different "layers" that each represent one of many possible subsystems or types…

The detection of triadic subgraph motifs is a common methodology in complex-networks research. The procedure usually applied in order to detect motifs evaluates whether a certain subgraph pattern is overrepresented in a network as a whole.…

Complex networks evolve and vary their structure as time goes by. In particular, the links in those networks have both a sign and a directionality. To understand their structural principles, we measure the network motifs, which are patterns…