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Besides their own intrinsic interest, correct interpretation of solar surface magnetic field observations is crucial to our ability to describe the global magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere. Photospheric magnetograms are often used…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-29 Gordon J. D. Petrie , Irina Patrikeeva

Maps of the radial magnetic field at a heliocentric distance of ten solar radii are used as boundary conditions in the MHD code CRONOS to simulate a 3D inner-heliospheric solar wind emanating from the rotating Sun out to 1 AU. The input…

Space Physics · Physics 2013-03-19 T. Wiengarten , J. Kleimann , H. Fichtner , R. Cameron , J. Jiang , R. Kissmann , K. Scherer

Magnetoseismology, a technique of magnetic field diagnostics based on observations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves, has been widely used to estimate the field strengths of oscillating structures in the solar corona. However, previously…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-05 Zihao Yang , Hui Tian , Steven Tomczyk , Richard Morton , Xianyong Bai , Tanmoy Samanta , Yajie Chen

In this article, we present the application of the weighted horizontal gradient of magnetic field (WGM) flare prediction method to 3-dimensional (3D) extrapolated magnetic configurations of 13 flaring solar active regions (ARs). The main…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-24 M. B. Korsos , M. K. Georgoulis , N. Gyenge , S. K. Bisoi , S. Yu , S. Poedts , C. J. Nelson , J. Liu , Y. Yan , R. Erdelyi

Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) models are widely used to study the solar corona and form the basis for solar wind forecasting, yet often fail to reproduce observed properties of coronal holes. We analyze 702 observed coronal holes…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-19 Stephan G. Heinemann , Jens Pomoell , Manuela Temmer

Magnetic field strengths in objects ranging from HII regions to cosmological large scale structure can be estimated using dense grids of Rotation Measures (RMs) from polarized background radio structures. Upcoming surveys on the SKA and its…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-29 Lawrence Rudnick

We present a careful assess of the forced field extrapolation using Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI) magnetogram. The convergence property is checked by several metrics. The extrapolated field lines…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Xiaoshuai Zhu , Huaning Wang , Zhanle Du , Han He

Sunspots on the surface of the Sun are the observational signatures of intense manifestations of tightly packed magnetic field lines, with near-vertical field strengths exceeding 6,000 G in extreme cases. It is well accepted that both the…

An exospheric kinetic solar wind model is interfaced with an observation-driven single fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. Initially, a photospheric magnetogram serves as observational input in the fluid approach to extrapolate the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-04 Sofia-Paraskevi Moschou , Viviane Pierrard , Rony Keppens , Jens Pomoell

In the recent years, global coronal models have experienced an ongoing increase in popularity as tools for forecasting solar weather. Within the domain of up to 21.5Rsun, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is used to resolve the coronal structure…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 Michaela Brchnelova , Błażej Kuźma , Barbara Perri , Andrea Lani , Stefaan Poedts

The aim of this paper is to study the plasma flows on the Mercury surface for different interplanetary magnetic field orientations on the day side of the planet. We use a single fluid MHD model in spherical coordinates to simulate the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-15 J. Varela , F. Pantellini , M. Moncuquet

To model the structure and dynamics of the heliosphere well enough for high-quality forecasting, it is essential to accurately estimate the global solar magnetic field used as inner boundary condition in solar wind models. However, our…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-09 Stephan G. Heinemann , Dan Yang , Shaela I. Jones , Jens Pomoell , Eleanna Asvestari , Carl J. Henney , Charles N. Arge , Laurent Gizon

Solar spicules are plasma jets observed in the interface region between the visible solar surface and the corona. At any given time, there are millions of spicules present all over the Sun. While various models attempt to elucidate their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-17 Kartav Kesri , Sahel Dey , Piyali Chatterjee , Robertus Erdelyi

The coronal magnetic field plays a fundamental role in governing coronal activities, driving space-weather events, and shaping the heliosphere. Due to a lack of direct observations, extrapolation models such as the Potential Field Source…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 Ziqi Wu , Jiansen He , Chuanpeng Hou , Tom van Doorsselaere , Rui Zhuo , Tianhang Chen , Liping Yang , David Pontin , Daniel Verscharen , Fang Shen

The aim of this study is to simulate the interaction of the solar wind with the Hermean magnetosphere when the interplanetary magnetic field is weak, performing a parametric study for all the range of hydrodynamic values of the solar wind…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-15 J. Varela , F. Pantellini , M. Moncuquet

Angular dispersion functions are typically used to estimate the fluctuations in polarization angle around the mean magnetic field orientation in dense regions, such as molecular clouds. The technique provides accurate turbulent to regular…

We present a Python code for calculating and displaying magnetic field extrapolations from given two-dimensional boundary conditions, specifically from solar surface magnetograms. The code implements analytical magnetohydrostatic models…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-13 Lilli Nadol , Thomas Neukirch

This study based on longitudinal Zeeman effect magnetograms and spectral line scans investigates the dependence of solar surface magnetic fields on the spectral line used and the way the line is sampled in order to estimate the magnetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. K. Ulrich , L. Bertello , J. E. Boyden , L. Webster

Observations of extrasolar planets using Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS), if coupled with an extreme Adaptive Optics system and analyzed with a Simultaneous Differential Imaging technique (SDI), are a powerful tool to detect and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Berton , R. G. Gratton , M. Feldt , T. Henning , S. Desidera , M. Turatto , H. M. Schmid , R. Waters

Solar wind back-mapping is a combination of ballistic mapping and magnetic mapping. By examining the different model ingredients that can affect the derived back-mapped position, we aim to provide a more precise estimate of the source…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Alexandros Koukras , Laurent Dolla , Rony Keppens