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Metallic optical systems can confine light to deep sub-wavelength dimensions, but verifying the level of confinement at these length scales typically requires specialized techniques and equipment for probing the near-field of the structure.…
The ability to highly localize light with strong electric field enhancement is critical for enabling higher efficiency solar cells, light sources, and modulators. While deep subwavelength modes can be realized with plasmonic resonators,…
Physical challenges at the device and interconnect level limit both network and computing energy efficiency. While photonics is being considered to address interconnect bottlenecks, optical routing is still limited by electronic circuitry,…
Plasmons, collective excitations of electrons in solids, are associated with strongly confined electromagnetic fields, with wavelengths far below the wavelength of photons in free space. This strong confinement promises the realization of…
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are promising candidates for optoelectronic application and quantum information processes due to their inherent out-of-plane 2D confinement. In addition, they offer the possibility of achieving…
Tuning the electronic properties of a material by subjecting it to strain constitutes an important strategy to enhance the performance of semiconducting electronic devices. Using local strain, confinement potentials for excitons can be…
As the diffraction limit is approached, device miniaturization to integrate more functionality per area becomes more and more challenging. Here we propose a novel strategy to increase the functionality-per-area by exploiting the modal…
One dimensional confinement in waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher dimensional settings, this response…
Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) underpin a wide range of critical applications in both classical and quantum information processing. While traditionally the focus has been on building these devices in materials with large Pockels…
The scientific community has witnessed tremendous expansion of research on layered (i.e. two-dimensional, 2D) materials, with increasing recent focus on applications to photonics. Layered materials are particularly exciting for manipulating…
Based on first-principles calculations, we systematically study the electronic, dielectric, and plasmonic properties of two-dimensional (2D) electride materials X$_2$N (X=Ca, Sr). We show that both Ca$_2$N and Sr$_2$N are stable down to…
Extreme light confinement down to the atomic scale has been theoretically predicted for ultrathin, Ta-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, we experimentally demonstrate in 2H-TaS$_2$ monolayers and bilayers a lateral…
Two-dimensional (2D) materials naturally form moir\'{e} patterns with other crystalline layers, such as other 2D material or the surface of a substrate. These patterns add a nanoscale characteristic length in the form of a superlattice: the…
Atomic-layer and two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as essential building blocks for next-generation quantum and semiconductor technologies, where atomic-scale control over light-matter interactions is critical. However, their…
We propose a polarization modulation scheme of electromagnetic (EM) waves through reflection of a tunable metamaterial reflector/absorber. By constructing the metamaterial with resonant unit cells coupled by diodes, we demonstrate that the…
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a versatile and powerful platform for quantum technologies, offering atomic-scale control, strong quantum confinement, and seamless integration into heterogeneous device architectures. Their…
Free-space electro-optic (EO) modulators operating at gigahertz and beyond are attractive for a wide range of emerging applications, including high-speed imaging, free-space optical communication, microwave photonics, and diffractive…
Research on graphene has revealed its unique optical properties, including strong coupling with light, high-speed operation, and gate-variable optical conductivity, which promise to satisfy the needs of future electro-optic (EO) modulators.…
In optoelectronics, achieving electrical reconfigurability is crucial as it enables the encoding, decoding, manipulating, and processing of information carried by light. In recent years, two-dimensional van der Waals (2-D vdW) materials…
The accelerating increase in information traffic demands the expansion of optical access network systems that require cost reduction of optical and photonic components. Low cost, ease of fabrication, and integration capabilities of low…