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The Energy-Based Model (EBM) framework is a very general approach to generative modeling that tries to learn and exploit probability distributions only defined though unnormalized scores. It has risen in popularity recently thanks to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Léo Gagnon , Guillaume Lajoie

Perturb-and-MAP offers an elegant approach to approximately sample from a energy-based model (EBM) by computing the maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) configuration of a perturbed version of the model. Sampling in turn enables learning. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-08 Miguel Lazaro-Gredilla , Antoine Dedieu , Dileep George

Consider learning a policy purely on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- that is, with no access to reinforcement signals, no knowledge of transition dynamics, and no further interaction with the environment. This *strictly batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Daniel Jarrett , Ioana Bica , Mihaela van der Schaar

We address the problem of biased gradient estimation in deep Boltzmann machines (DBMs). The existing method to obtain an unbiased estimator uses a maximal coupling based on a Gibbs sampler, but when the state is high-dimensional, it takes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Shohei Taniguchi , Masahiro Suzuki , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

In recent years, denoising problems have become intertwined with the development of deep generative models. In particular, diffusion models are trained like denoisers, and the distribution they model coincide with denoising priors in the…

We focus on the problem of efficient sampling and learning of probability densities by incorporating symmetries in probabilistic models. We first introduce Equivariant Stein Variational Gradient Descent algorithm -- an equivariant sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Priyank Jaini , Lars Holdijk , Max Welling

In this paper, we attack the anomaly detection problem by directly modeling the data distribution with deep architectures. We propose deep structured energy based models (DSEBMs), where the energy function is the output of a deterministic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Shuangfei Zhai , Yu Cheng , Weining Lu , Zhongfei Zhang

The ensemble average of physical properties of molecules is closely related to the distribution of molecular conformations, and sampling such distributions is a fundamental challenge in physics and chemistry. Traditional methods like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Liya Guo , Zun Wang , Chang Liu , Junzhe Li , Pipi Hu , Yi Zhu

Gibbs sampling, as a model learning method, is known to produce the most accurate results available in a variety of domains, and is a de facto standard in these domains. Yet, it is also well known that Gibbs random walks usually have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-20 Mark Kozdoba , Shie Mannor

A central task in many applications is reasoning about processes that change over continuous time. Continuous-Time Bayesian Networks is a general compact representation language for multi-component continuous-time processes. However, exact…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Tal El-Hay , Nir Friedman , Raz Kupferman

Energy-based models (EBMs) are generative models inspired by statistical physics with a wide range of applications in unsupervised learning. Their performance is best measured by the cross-entropy (CE) of the model distribution relative to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Davide Carbone , Mengjian Hua , Simon Coste , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

This paper studies the fundamental problem of learning energy-based model (EBM) in the latent space of the generator model. Learning such prior model typically requires running costly Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Instead, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zhisheng Xiao , Tian Han

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. Approximate maximum likelihood training of RBMs typically necessitates sampling from these models. In many training scenarios, computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Guillaume Desjardins , Heng Luo , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Improperly constructed datasets can result in inaccurate inferences. For instance, models trained on biased datasets perform poorly in terms of generalization (i.e., dataset bias). Recent debiasing techniques have successfully achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Sumyeong Ahn , Se-Young Yun

Neural networks often learn spurious correlations when exposed to biased training data, leading to poor performance on out-of-distribution data. A biased dataset can be divided, according to biased features, into bias-aligned samples (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Rui Hu , Yahan Tu , Jitao Sang

Learning to sample from complex unnormalized distributions is a fundamental challenge in computational physics and machine learning. While score-based and variational methods have achieved success in continuous domains, extending them to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-11 Lei Li , Zhen Wang , Lishuo Zhang

Supervised deep learning requires a large amount of training samples with annotations (e.g. label class for classification task, pixel- or voxel-wised label map for segmentation tasks), which are expensive and time-consuming to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Yuanhan Mo , Shuo Wang , Chengliang Dai , Rui Zhou , Zhongzhao Teng , Wenjia Bai , Yike Guo

We motivate Energy-Based Models (EBMs) as a promising model class for continual learning problems. Instead of tackling continual learning via the use of external memory, growing models, or regularization, EBMs change the underlying training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Shuang Li , Yilun Du , Gido M. van de Ven , Igor Mordatch

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in generative modeling. Fueled by its flexibility in the formulation and strong modeling power of the latent space, recent works built…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Peiyu Yu , Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Baoxiong Jia , Bo Pang , Ruiqi Gao , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

We present a Gibbs sampling solution to the map-making problem for CMB measurements, building on existing destriping methodology. Gibbs sampling breaks the computationally heavy destriping problem into two separate steps; noise filtering…