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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently received much attention from the machine learning community due to its importance in deploying machine learning models in real-world applications. In this paper we propose an uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li , Yongxin Yang

Toward desirable saliency prediction, the types and numbers of inputs for a salient object detection (SOD) algorithm may dynamically change in many real-life applications. However, existing SOD algorithms are mainly designed or trained for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Nianchang Huang , Yang Yang , Ruida Xi , Qiang Zhang , Jungong Han , Jin Huang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and robustness of machine learning models. Recent works have shown that generative models often assign high confidence scores to OOD samples, indicating that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Rui Sun , Andi Zhang , Haiming Zhang , Jinke Ren , Yao Zhu , Ruimao Zhang , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Uncertainty estimation is crucial for machine learning models to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, the conventional discriminative deep learning classifiers produce uncalibrated closed-set predictions for OOD data. A more…

Recent progress on salient object detection mainly aims at exploiting how to effectively integrate multi-scale convolutional features in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Many popular methods impose deep supervision to perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Yun Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng , Xinyu Zhang , Guang-Yu Nie , Meng Wang

We often see undesirable tradeoffs in robust machine learning where out-of-distribution (OOD) accuracy is at odds with in-distribution (ID) accuracy: a robust classifier obtained via specialized techniques such as removing spurious features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ananya Kumar , Tengyu Ma , Percy Liang , Aditi Raghunathan

As the use of machine learning continues to expand, the importance of ensuring its safety cannot be overstated. A key concern in this regard is the ability to identify whether a given sample is from the training distribution, or is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Nicola Franco , Daniel Korth , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Guennemann

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection ensures safe and reliable model deployment. Contemporary OOD algorithms using geometry projection can detect OOD or adversarial samples from clean in-distribution (ID) samples. However, this setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

Multiscale convolutional neural network (CNN) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving various vision problems. However, fusing features of different scales alwaysresults in large model sizes, impeding the application of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Rui Huang , Qingyi Zhao , Yan Xing , Sihua Gao , Weifeng Xu , Yuxiang Zhang , Wei Fan

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is critical for safely deploying deep learning models in the real world. Existing approaches for detecting OOD examples work well when evaluated on benign in-distribution and OOD samples. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Jiefeng Chen , Yixuan Li , Xi Wu , Yingyu Liang , Somesh Jha

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust machine learning models, especially in areas where security is critical. However, traditional OOD detection methods often fail to capture complex data distributions from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Armando Zhu , Jiabei Liu , Keqin Li , Shuying Dai , Bo Hong , Peng Zhao , Changsong Wei

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical capability for ensuring the safe deployment of machine learning models in open-world environments, where unexpected or anomalous inputs can compromise model reliability and performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Weijun Gao , Rundong He , Jinyang Dong , Yongshun Gong

Since the seminal paper of Hendrycks et al. arXiv:1610.02136, Post-hoc deep Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection has expanded rapidly. As a result, practitioners working on safety-critical applications and seeking to improve the robustness…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-11 Paul Novello , Yannick Prudent , Joseba Dalmau , Corentin Friedrich , Yann Pequignot

Out of distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of making machine learning systems robust. The ImageNet-O dataset is an important tool in testing the robustness of ImageNet trained deep neural networks that are widely used across a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Anugya Srivastava , Shriya Jain , Mugdha Thigle

Methods based on class activation maps (CAM) provide a simple mechanism to interpret predictions of convolutional neural networks by using linear combinations of feature maps as saliency maps. By contrast, masking-based methods optimize a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Hanwei Zhang , Felipe Torres , Ronan Sicre , Yannis Avrithis , Stephane Ayache

Recent remarkable success in the deep-learning industries has unprecedentedly increased the need for reliable model deployment. For example, the model should alert the user if the produced model outputs might not be reliable. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Dasol Choi , Dongbin Na

Recent advances in saliency detection have utilized deep learning to obtain high level features to detect salient regions in a scene. These advances have demonstrated superior results over previous works that utilize hand-crafted low level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Gayoung Lee , Yu-Wing Tai , Junmo Kim

In this paper, we propose a fast deep learning method for object saliency detection using convolutional neural networks. In our approach, we use a gradient descent method to iteratively modify the input images based on the pixel-wise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Hengyue Pan , Hui Jiang

RGB-D saliency detection aims to fuse multi-modal cues to accurately localize salient regions. Existing works often adopt attention modules for feature modeling, with few methods explicitly leveraging fine-grained details to merge with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Zongwei Wu , Guillaume Allibert , Fabrice Meriaudeau , Chao Ma , Cédric Demonceaux