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Fair division is the problem of dividing one or several goods amongst two or more agents in a way that satisfies a suitable fairness criterion. These Notes provide a succinct introduction to the field. We cover three main topics. First, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Ulle Endriss

Incentives for early arrival (I4EA) was recently proposed for studying online cooperative games. In an online cooperative game, players arrive in an unknown order, and the value increase after each player arrived should be distributed…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yaoxin Ge , Yao Zhang , Dengji Zhao

Federated learning (FL) refers to the paradigm of learning models over a collaborative research network involving multiple clients without sacrificing privacy. Recently, there have been rising concerns on the distributional discrepancies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Sen Cui , Jian Liang , Weishen Pan , Kun Chen , Changshui Zhang , Fei Wang

We study the problem of fair and efficient allocation of a set of indivisible goods to agents with additive valuations using the popular fairness notions of envy-freeness up to one good (EF1) and equitability up to one good (EQ1) in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jugal Garg , Aniket Murhekar

We investigate whether fairness is compatible with efficiency in economies with multi-self agents, who may not be able to integrate their multiple objectives into a single complete and transitive ranking. We adapt envy-freeness,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-15 Sophie Bade , Erel Segal-Halevi

This paper presents a philosophical and experimental study of fairness interventions in AI classification, centered on the explainability of corrective methods. We argue that ensuring fairness requires not only satisfying a target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Thomas Souverain , Johnathan Nguyen , Nicolas Meric , Paul Égré

Fairness is one of the most commonly identified ethical principles in existing AI guidelines, and the development of fair AI-enabled systems is required by new and emerging AI regulation. But most approaches to addressing the fairness of…

In this paper we formulate the fixed budget resource allocation game to understand the performance of a distributed market-based resource allocation system. Multiple users decide how to distribute their budget (bids) among multiple machines…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michal Feldman , Kevin Lai , Li Zhang

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are the bedrock for modern computational sciences and engineering, and inherently computationally expensive. While PDE foundation models have shown much promise for simulating such complex…

Recent literature on computational notions of fairness has been broadly divided into two distinct camps, supporting interventions that address either individual-based or group-based fairness. Rather than privilege a single definition, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Lily Hu , Yiling Chen

Motivated by autobidding systems in online advertising, we study revenue maximization in markets with divisible goods and budget-constrained buyers with linear valuations. Our aim is to compute a single price for each good and an allocation…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ioannis Caragiannis , Anders Bo Ipsen , Stratis Skoulakis

We study the fair allocation of a cake, which serves as a metaphor for a divisible resource, under the requirement that each agent should receive a contiguous piece of the cake. While it is known that no finite envy-free algorithm exists in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Paul W. Goldberg , Alexandros Hollender , Warut Suksompong

We study a discrete fair division problem where $n$ agents have additive valuation functions over a set of $m$ goods. We focus on the well-known $\alpha$-EFX fairness criterion, according to which the envy of an agent for another agent is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Aris Filos-Ratsikas , Georgios Kalantzis , Alexandros A. Voudouris

Unknown constraints arise in many types of expensive black-box optimization problems. Several methods have been proposed recently for performing Bayesian optimization with constraints, based on the expected improvement (EI) heuristic.…

Fair resource allocation is an important problem in many real-world scenarios, where resources such as goods and chores must be allocated among agents. In this survey, we delve into the intricacies of fair allocation, focusing specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Shaily Mishra , Manisha Padala , Sujit Gujar

Competitive equilibrium (CE) for chores has recently attracted significant attention, with many algorithms proposed to approximately compute it. However, existing algorithms either lack iterate convergence guarantees to an exact CE or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-08 He Chen , Chonghe Jiang , Anthony Man-Cho So

In this paper, we investigate the computation of second-price pacing equilibria (SPPEs), a foundational model in online advertising auctions. We present a polynomial-time algorithm for computing exact SPPEs in instances with a constant…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yiyang Huang , Yonglei Yan , Zihe Wang , Zhengyang Liu

We study the classic divide-and-choose method for equitably allocating divisible goods between two players who are rational, self-interested Bayesian agents. The players have additive values for the goods. The prior distributions on those…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jamie Tucker-Foltz , Richard Zeckhauser

We revisit the foundations of fairness and its interplay with utility and efficiency in settings where the training data contain richer labels, such as individual types, rankings, or risk estimates, rather than just binary outcomes. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Noga Amit , Omer Reingold , Guy N. Rothblum

We consider a classic many-to-one matching setting, where participants need to be assigned to teams based on the preferences of both sides. Unlike most of the matching literature, we aim to provide fairness not only to participants, but…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-30 Ayumi Igarashi , Naoyuki Kamiyama , Yasushi Kawase , Warut Suksompong , Hanna Sumita , Yu Yokoi