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Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Denoising diffusions are state-of-the-art generative models exhibiting remarkable empirical performance. They work by diffusing the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution and then learning to reverse this noising process to obtain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-20 Joe Benton , Yuyang Shi , Valentin De Bortoli , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models and score-matching models have proven to be very powerful for generative tasks. While these approaches have also been applied to the generation of discrete graphs, they have, so far, relied on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Kilian Konstantin Haefeli , Karolis Martinkus , Nathanaël Perraudin , Roger Wattenhofer

Diffusion models have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. These models view speech generation as a continuous-time process. For efficient training, this process is typically restricted to additive Gaussian noising, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaozhou Tan , Minghui Zhao , Anton Ragni

Standard diffusion models involve an image transform -- adding Gaussian noise -- and an image restoration operator that inverts this degradation. We observe that the generative behavior of diffusion models is not strongly dependent on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Arpit Bansal , Eitan Borgnia , Hong-Min Chu , Jie S. Li , Hamid Kazemi , Furong Huang , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Generative models on discrete state-spaces have a wide range of potential applications, particularly in the domain of natural sciences. In continuous state-spaces, controllable and flexible generation of samples with desired properties has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Hunter Nisonoff , Junhao Xiong , Stephan Allenspach , Jennifer Listgarten

Diffusion generative models have recently been applied to domains where the available data can be seen as a discretization of an underlying function, such as audio signals or time series. However, these models operate directly on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Gavin Kerrigan , Justin Ley , Padhraic Smyth

Discrete diffusion models, like continuous diffusion models, generate high-quality samples by gradually undoing noise applied to datapoints with a Markov process. Gradual generation in theory comes with many conceptual benefits; for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alan N. Amin , Nate Gruver , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Although diffusion models now occupy a central place in generative modeling, introductory treatments commonly assume Euclidean data and seldom clarify their connection to discrete-state analogues. This article is a self-contained primer on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Vincent Pauline , Tobias Höppe , Kirill Neklyudov , Alexander Tong , Stefan Bauer , Andrea Dittadi

Generative diffusion processes are an emerging and effective tool for image and speech generation. In the existing methods, the underline noise distribution of the diffusion process is Gaussian noise. However, fitting distributions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Eliya Nachmani , Robin San Roman , Lior Wolf

Denoising diffusion models are a class of generative models which have recently achieved state-of-the-art results across many domains. Gradual noise is added to the data using a diffusion process, which transforms the data distribution into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Francisco Vargas , Teodora Reu , Anna Kerekes , Michael M Bronstein

Denoising diffusion models represent a recent emerging topic in computer vision, demonstrating remarkable results in the area of generative modeling. A diffusion model is a deep generative model that is based on two stages, a forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Vlad Hondru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Mubarak Shah

Diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling. They consist of a forward process that perturbs input data with Gaussian white noise and a reverse process that learns a score function to generate…

Generative diffusion processes are an emerging and effective tool for image and speech generation. In the existing methods, the underlying noise distribution of the diffusion process is Gaussian noise. However, fitting distributions with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-13 Eliya Nachmani , Robin San Roman , Lior Wolf

We introduce Generalized Discrete Diffusion from Snapshots (GDDS), a unified framework for discrete diffusion modeling that supports arbitrary noising processes over large discrete state spaces. Our formulation encompasses all existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Oussama Zekri , Théo Uscidda , Nicolas Boullé , Anna Korba

Diffusion models generate high-dimensional data such as images by learning a process that gradually removes noise from corrupted data. Recent studies have shown that the backward dynamics of diffusion models exhibit two characteristic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-14 Tomoei Takahashi , Takashi Takahashi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

We provide an overview of the diffusion model as a method to generate new samples. Generative models have been recently adopted for tasks such as art generation (Stable Diffusion, Dall-E) and text generation (ChatGPT). Diffusion models in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-13 Justin Le

Denoising diffusion models have become ubiquitous for generative modeling. The core idea is to transport the data distribution to a Gaussian by using a diffusion. Approximate samples from the data distribution are then obtained by…

Denoising diffusion models are a popular class of generative models providing state-of-the-art results in many domains. One adds gradually noise to data using a diffusion to transform the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francisco Vargas , Will Grathwohl , Arnaud Doucet

Diffusion models are loosely modelled based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, where \textit{diffusion} refers to particles flowing from high-concentration regions towards low-concentration regions. In statistics, the meaning is quite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Inga Strümke , Helge Langseth
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