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As galaxies evolve in dense cluster and protocluster environments, they interact and quench their star formation, which gradually transforms the galaxy population from star-forming galaxies to quiescent galaxies. This transformation is…

We present spectroscopic confirmation of two new massive galaxy protoclusters at $z=2.24\pm0.02$, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, traced by groups of Coherently Strong Ly$\alpha$ Absorption (CoSLA) systems imprinted in the absorption spectra of a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-07-07 Dongdong Shi , Zheng Cai , Xiaohui Fan , XianZhong Zheng , Yun-Hsin Huang , Jiachuan Xu

This work presents the results from our near-infrared spectroscopy of narrow-band selected H$\alpha$ emitters (HAEs) in two rich over-densities (PKS 1138-262 at $z=2.2$ and USS 1558-003 at $z=2.5$) with the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Rhythm Shimakawa , Tadayuki Kodama , Ken-ichi Tadaki , Masao Hayashi , Yusei Koyama , Ichi Tanaka

Submillimetre galaxies represent a rapid growth phase of both star formation and massive galaxies. Mapping SMGs in galaxy protoclusters provides key insights into where and how these extreme starbursts take place in connections with the…

The over-dense environments of protoclusters of galaxies in the early Universe (z>2) are expected to accelerate the evolution of galaxies, with an increased rate of stellar mass assembly and black hole accretion compared to co-eval galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-02 N. K. Hine , J. E. Geach , D. M. Alexander , B. D. Lehmer , S C. Chapman , Y. Matsuda

We present the results of near-infrared spectroscopy of H$\alpha$ emitters (HAEs) associated with two protoclusters around radio galaxies (PKS1138-262 at $z$=2.2 and USS1558-003 at $z$=2.5) with Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-18 Rhythm Shimakawa , Tadayuki Kodama , Ken-ichi Tadaki , Ichi Tanaka , Masao Hayashi , Yusei Koyama

We carried out deep H$\alpha$ narrowband imaging with 10 hours net integrations towards the young protocluster, USS1558$-$003 at $z=2.53$ with the Subaru Telescope. This system is composed of four dense groups with massive local…

Gas-rich major mergers in high-redshift proto-clusters are important events, perhaps leading to the creation of the slowly rotating remnants seen in the cores of clusters in the present day. Here, we present a deep Jansky Very Large Array…

Mergers play a critical role in galaxy evolution, but their relationship to their surrounding environments is unexplored at high redshift. We investigate the galaxy merger rate among 124 [OIII] emitters at $5.3<z<6.9$ as a function of local…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-27 Lorraine C. Marcelin , Jaclyn B. Champagne , Feige Wang , Xiaohui Fan , Maria Pudoka , Wei Leong Tee , Yongda Zhu

In the hierarchical theory of galaxy formation, a galaxy overdensity is a hallmark of a massive cosmic structure. However, it is less well understood how different types of galaxies trace the underlying large-scale structure. Motivated by…

The process of galaxy cluster formation likely leaves an imprint on the properties of its individual member galaxies. Understanding this process is essential for uncovering the evolutionary connections between galaxies and cosmic…

We investigate the physical properties and redshift evolution of simulated galaxies residing in protoclusters at cosmic noon, to understand the influence of the environment on galaxy formation. This work is to build clear expectations for…

Massive galaxy overdensities at the peak epoch of cosmic star formation provide ideal testbeds for the formation theories of galaxies and large-scale structure. We report the confirmation of two massive galaxy overdensities at $z=2.24$,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-16 XianZhong Zheng , Zheng Cai , FangXia An , Xiaohui Fan , DongDong Shi

Galaxy cluster merger statistics are an important component in understanding the formation of large-scale structure. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study merger properties and evolution directly because the identification of cluster…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew R. Wetzel , A. E. Schulz , Daniel E. Holz , Michael S. Warren

We report the detection of a pair of massive quiescent galaxies likely in the process of merging at the center of the spectroscopically confirmed, extremely massive protocluster BOSS1244 at $z=2.24\pm0.02$. These galaxies, BOSS1244-QG1 and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-21 Dongdong Shi , Xin Wang , XianZhong Zheng , Zheng Cai , Xiaohui Fan , Fuyan Bian , Harry I. Teplitz

We report the measurement of rest-frame UV size and morphology of H$\alpha$-emission-selected star-forming galaxies (HAEs) in four protoclusters at z $\sim$ 2 (PKS 1138-262, USS 1558-003, PHz G237.0+42.5, and CC 2.2) using archival Hubble…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-27 Abdurrahman Naufal , Yusei Koyama , Rhythm Shimakawa , Tadayuki Kodama

The redshift range z=2-4 marks a critical transition in large scale structure formation, where the dynamically unrelaxed progenitors of local massive clusters undergo rapid stellar mass assembly. We report the discovery and physical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-18 Shuaiyi Li , Zheng Cai , Yunjing Wu , Fujiang Yu , Xiaojing Lin , Jingyang Men , Xiaoyang Wei

Galaxy proto-clusters at z >~ 2 provide a direct probe of the rapid mass assembly and galaxy growth of present day massive clusters. Because of the need of precise galaxy redshifts for density mapping and the prevalence of star formation…

We investigate a correlation between star-formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass for Halpha emission line galaxies (HAEs) in one of the richest proto-clusters ever known at z~2.5, USS 1558-003 proto-cluster. This study is based on a 9.7-hour…

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