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Language models (LMs) trained on large amounts of data have shown impressive performance on many NLP tasks under the zero-shot and few-shot setup. Here we aim to better understand the extent to which such models learn commonsense knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Xiang Lorraine Li , Adhiguna Kuncoro , Jordan Hoffmann , Cyprien de Masson d'Autume , Phil Blunsom , Aida Nematzadeh

Large pre-trained language models have brought remarkable progress in NLP. Pre-training and Fine-tuning have given state-of-art performance across tasks in text processing. Data Augmentation techniques have also helped build state-of-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Kshitij Gupta

Acquiring the parameters of neural networks (NNs) has been one of the most important problems in machine learning since the inception of NNs. Traditional approaches, such as backpropagation and forward-only optimization, acquire parameters…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiaqi Wang , Yusen Zhang , Xi Li

Social scientists quickly adopted large language models due to their ability to annotate documents without supervised training, an ability known as zero-shot learning. However, due to their compute demands, cost, and often proprietary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Michael Burnham , Kayla Kahn , Ryan Yank Wang , Rachel X. Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization across various language-related tasks, including search engines. However, existing work utilizes the generative ability of LLMs for Information Retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Weiwei Sun , Lingyong Yan , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

Given the prevalence of large language models (LLMs) and the prohibitive cost of training these models from scratch, dynamically forgetting specific knowledge e.g., private or proprietary, without retraining the model has become an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

Automating code documentation through explanatory text can prove highly beneficial in code understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in Natural Language Processing, especially within software engineering tasks…

The study of zero-shot generalisation (ZSG) in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to produce RL algorithms whose policies generalise well to novel unseen situations at deployment time, avoiding overfitting to their training environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Robert Kirk , Amy Zhang , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of code translation, enabling automated translation between programming languages. However, these models often struggle with complex translation tasks due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Manish Bhattarai , Javier E. Santos , Shawn Jones , Ayan Biswas , Boian Alexandrov , Daniel O'Malley

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit limited performance on domain-specific tasks due to the natural disproportionate representation of specialized information in their training data and the static nature of these datasets. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Chaojun Nie , Jun Zhou , Guanxiang Wang , Shisong Wu , Zichen Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in zero-shot recognition but their performance varies greatly across different visual concepts. For example, although CLIP achieves impressive accuracy on ImageNet (60-80%), its performance drops below…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Shubham Parashar , Zhiqiu Lin , Tian Liu , Xiangjue Dong , Yanan Li , Deva Ramanan , James Caverlee , Shu Kong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating additional information from retrieval. However, studies have shown that LLMs still face challenges in effectively using the retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Mo Yu , Fandong Meng , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng , Jie Zhou

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have made significant progress in encoding world knowledge and spawned a new set of learning paradigms including zero-shot, few-shot, and in-context learning. Many language tasks can be modeled as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Debaditya Shome , Kuldeep Yadav

We propose to utilize an instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) for guiding the text generation process in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Modern large language models (LLMs) are adept at performing various text generation tasks…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Yosuke Higuchi , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

Supervised ranking methods based on bi-encoder or cross-encoder architectures have shown success in multi-stage text ranking tasks, but they require large amounts of relevance judgments as training data. In this work, we propose Listwise…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Xueguang Ma , Xinyu Zhang , Ronak Pradeep , Jimmy Lin

Tracking how data is mentioned and used in research papers provides critical insights for improving data discoverability, quality, and production. However, manually identifying and classifying dataset mentions across vast academic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Aivin V. Solatorio , Rafael Macalaba , James Liounis

Although pre-trained language models have exhibited great flexibility and versatility with prompt-based few-shot learning, they suffer from the extensive parameter size and limited applicability for inference. Recent studies have suggested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Juhwan Choi , Yeonghwa Kim , Seunguk Yu , JungMin Yun , YoungBin Kim

The purpose of generative Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is to learning from seen classes, transfer the learned knowledge, and create samples of unseen classes from the description of these unseen categories. To achieve better ZSL accuracies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Shayan Kousha , Marcus A. Brubaker

The recent progress in language-based open-vocabulary object detection can be largely attributed to finding better ways of leveraging large-scale data with free-form text annotations. Training such models with a discriminative objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shiyu Zhao , Long Zhao , Vijay Kumar B. G , Yumin Suh , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Manmohan Chandraker , Samuel Schulter

In the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in text-generation tasks. However, their educational applications, particularly for domain-specific queries, remain underexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Rui Yang , Boming Yang , Sixun Ouyang , Tianwei She , Aosong Feng , Yuang Jiang , Freddy Lecue , Jinghui Lu , Irene Li