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Although deep neural networks achieve tremendous success on various classification tasks, the generalization ability drops sheer when training datasets exhibit long-tailed distributions. One of the reasons is that the learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Xuantong Liu , Jianfeng Zhang , Tianyang Hu , He Cao , Lujia Pan , Yuan Yao

A discriminatively trained neural net classifier can fit the training data perfectly if all information about its input other than class membership has been discarded prior to the output layer. Surprisingly, past research has discovered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Piotr Teterwak , Chiyuan Zhang , Dilip Krishnan , Michael C. Mozer

We suggest a simple Gaussian mixture model for data generation that complies with Feldman's long tail theory (2020). We demonstrate that a linear classifier cannot decrease the generalization error below a certain level in the proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Arman Bolatov , Maxat Tezekbayev , Igor Melnykov , Artur Pak , Vassilina Nikoulina , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have swiftly evolved to imitate increasingly complex image distributions. However, majority of the developments focus on performance of GANs on balanced datasets. We find that the existing GANs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Harsh Rangwani , Konda Reddy Mopuri , R. Venkatesh Babu

Supervised Contrastive Loss (SCL) is popular in visual representation learning. Given an anchor image, SCL pulls two types of positive samples, i.e., its augmentation and other images from the same class together, while pushes negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shiyu Xuan , Shiliang Zhang

When trained with severely imbalanced data, deep neural networks often struggle to accurately recognize classes with only a few samples. Previous studies in long-tailed recognition have attempted to rebalance biased learning using known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Minseok Son , Inyong Koo , Jinyoung Park , Changick Kim

Real-world data exhibiting skewed distributions pose a serious challenge to existing object detectors. Moreover, the samplers in detectors lead to shifted training label distributions, while the tremendous proportion of background to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Liang Zhao , Yao Teng , Limin Wang

Class imbalance, which is also called long-tailed distribution, is a common problem in classification tasks based on machine learning. If it happens, the minority data will be overwhelmed by the majority, which presents quite a challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jia-Chen Zhao

Training on datasets with long-tailed distributions has been challenging for major recognition tasks such as classification and detection. To deal with this challenge, image resampling is typically introduced as a simple but effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Nadine Chang , Zhiding Yu , Yu-Xiong Wang , Anima Anandkumar , Sanja Fidler , Jose M. Alvarez

Recent works have proposed incorporating heavy-tailed (HT) noise into diffusion- and flow-based generative models, with the goals of better recovering the tails of target distributions and improving generative diversity. This motivation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hamza Cherkaoui , Hélène Halconruy , Antonio Ocello

Long-tailed classification, where a small number of frequent classes dominate many rare ones, remains challenging because models systematically favor frequent classes at inference time. Existing post-hoc methods such as logit adjustment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhanliang Wang , Hongzhuo Chen , Quan Minh Nguyen , Mian Umair Ahsan , Kai Wang

Data is the foundation for the development of computer vision, and the establishment of datasets plays an important role in advancing the techniques of fine-grained visual categorization~(FGVC). In the existing FGVC datasets used in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Shuo Ye , Shiming Chen , Ruxin Wang , Tianxu Wu , Jiamiao Xu , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Ling Shao

For long-tailed classification, most works often pretrain a big model on a large-scale dataset, and then fine-tune the whole model for adapting to long-tailed data. Though promising, fine-tuning the whole pretrained model tends to suffer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Bowen Dong , Pan Zhou , Shuicheng Yan , Wangmeng Zuo

Long-tailed recognition has benefited from foundation models and fine-tuning paradigms, yet existing studies and benchmarks are mainly confined to natural image domains, where pre-training and fine-tuning data share similar distributions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

There is growing interest in the challenging visual perception task of learning from long-tailed class distributions. The extreme class imbalance in the training dataset biases the model to prefer recognizing majority class data over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jae Soon Baik , In Young Yoon , Jun Won Choi

Long-tailed class distributions are pervasive in multi-class medical datasets and pose significant challenges for deep learning models which typically underperform on tail classes with limited samples. This limitation is particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiaxiang Jiang , Mahesh Subedar , Omesh Tickoo

Real-world data usually couples the label ambiguity and heavy imbalance, challenging the algorithmic robustness of partial label learning (PLL) and long-tailed learning (LT). The straightforward combination of LT and PLL, i.e., LT-PLL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Feng Hong , Jiangchao Yao , Zhihan Zhou , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Deep neural networks often degrade significantly when training data suffer from class imbalance problems. Existing approaches, e.g., re-sampling and re-weighting, commonly address this issue by rearranging the label distribution of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Renzhen Wang , Kaiqin Hu , Yanwen Zhu , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

We propose GradTail, an algorithm that uses gradients to improve model performance on the fly in the face of long-tailed training data distributions. Unlike conventional long-tail classifiers which operate on converged - and possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhao Chen , Vincent Casser , Henrik Kretzschmar , Dragomir Anguelov

Long-tailed recognition is ubiquitous and challenging in deep learning and even in the downstream finetuning of foundation models, since the skew class distribution generally prevents the model generalization to the tail classes. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiaan Luo , Feng Hong , Qiang Hu , Xiaofeng Cao , Feng Liu , Jiangchao Yao