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We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

Bayesian networks are basic graphical models, used widely both in statistics and artificial intelligence. These statistical models of conditional independence structure are described by acyclic directed graphs whose nodes correspond to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-01 Raymond Hemmecke , Silvia Lindner , Milan Studený

In this paper, the relationship between probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, and causal diagrams, also called structural causal models, is studied. Structural causal models are deterministic models, based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Peter J. F. Lucas , Eleonora Zullo , Fabio Stella

In Bayesian structure learning, we are interested in inferring a distribution over the directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure of Bayesian networks, from data. Defining such a distribution is very challenging, due to the combinatorially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Tristan Deleu , António Góis , Chris Emezue , Mansi Rankawat , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Stefan Bauer , Yoshua Bengio

We study the Bayesian model averaging approach to learning Bayesian network structures (DAGs) from data. We develop new algorithms including the first algorithm that is able to efficiently sample DAGs according to the exact structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Ru He , Jin Tian , Huaiqing Wu

Bayesian networks, with structure given by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), are a popular class of graphical models. However, learning Bayesian networks from discrete or categorical data is particularly challenging, due to the large…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Jiaying Gu , Fei Fu , Qing Zhou

Bayesian networks are a widely-used class of probabilistic graphical models capable of representing symmetric conditional independence between variables of interest using the topology of the underlying graph. For categorical variables, they…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-07 Gherardo Varando , Federico Carli , Manuele Leonelli

In recent times, neural networks have become a powerful tool for the analysis of complex and abstract data models. However, their introduction intrinsically increases our uncertainty about which features of the analysis are model-related…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-09 Tom Charnock , Laurence Perreault-Levasseur , François Lanusse

We develop a novel convolutional architecture tailored for learning from data defined over directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). DAGs can be used to model causal relationships among variables, but their nilpotent adjacency matrices pose unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Samuel Rey , Hamed Ajorlou , Gonzalo Mateos

Causal Bayesian networks (CBN) are popular graphical probabilistic models that encode causal relations among variables. Learning their graphical structure from observational data has received a lot of attention in the literature. When there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Christophe Gonzales , Amir-Hosein Valizadeh

The PC algorithm is a widely used method in causal inference for learning the structure of Bayesian networks. Despite its popularity, the PC algorithm suffers from significant time complexity, particularly as the size of the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kunal Dumbre , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Discrete Bayesian Networks have been very successful as a framework both for inference and for expressing certain causal hypotheses. In this paper we present a class of graphical models called the chain event graph (CEG) models, that…

Methodology · Statistics 2007-09-24 Eva Riccomagno , Jim Q. Smith

We introduce a class of neural networks derived from probabilistic models in the form of Bayesian networks. By imposing additional assumptions about the nature of the probabilistic models represented in the networks, we derive neural…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-04-30 Michael J. Barber , John W. Clark

Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) offer an elegant way to integrate various aspects of language in one model. Many existing algorithms developed for learning and inference in DBNs are applicable to probabilistic language modeling. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Leonid Peshkin , Avi Pfeffer

Estimating the structure of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs, also known as Bayesian networks) is a challenging problem since the search space of DAGs is combinatorial and scales superexponentially with the number of nodes. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-06 Xun Zheng , Bryon Aragam , Pradeep Ravikumar , Eric P. Xing

In this paper, we present a guide to the foundations of learning Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) from data in the form of multiple samples of trajectories for some length of time. We present the formalism for a generic as well as a set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Fadwa Idlahcen , Petr Rysavy , Pavel Rytir , Ales Wodecki

Bayesian networks (BNs) are graphical models that are useful for representing high-dimensional probability distributions. There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the NP-hard problem of learning the structure of a BN from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-04 D. Jennings , J. N. Corcoran

Bayesian inference of Bayesian network structures is often performed by sampling directed acyclic graphs along an appropriately constructed Markov chain. We present two techniques to improve sampling. First, we give an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Daniele Nikzad , Alexander Zhilkin , Juha Harviainen , Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa , Mikko Koivisto

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) augment deep networks with uncertainty quantification by Bayesian treatment of the network weights. However, such models face the challenge of Bayesian inference in a high-dimensional and usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Zhijie Deng , Yucen Luo , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Gaussian graphical models provide a powerful framework to reveal the conditional dependency structure between multivariate variables. The process of uncovering the conditional dependency network is known as structure learning. Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-30 Lucas Vogels , Reza Mohammadi , Marit Schoonhoven , S. Ilker Birbil