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With the rise of the library ecosystem (such as NPM for JavaScript and PyPI for Python), a developer has access to a multitude of library packages that they can adopt as dependencies into their application.Prior work has found that these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai , Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula

The paper presents a traceability analysis of how over 84 thousand vulnerabilities have propagated across 28 open source software ecosystems. According to the results, the propagation sequences have been complex in general, although GitHub,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Jukka Ruohonen , Qusai Ramadan

Version control systems for source code, such as Git, are key tools in modern software development environments. Many developers use online services, such as GitHub or GitLab, for collaborative software development. While software projects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Alexander Krause , Jan H. Klemmer , Nicolas Huaman , Dominik Wermke , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Software systems rely heavily on open source software (OSS) libraries, which offer benefits but also pose risks. When vulnerabilities arise, the OSS community may struggle to address them due to inactivity or lack of resources. Research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Alexandros Tsakpinis , Alexander Pretschner

Developers often build software on top of third-party libraries (Libs) to improve productivity, but these libraries may contain vulnerabilities that enable supply chain attacks. Existing tools detect vulnerable dependencies, yet developers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ying Zhang , Wenjia Song , Zhengjie Ji , Danfeng , Yao , Na Meng

This study investigates the software vulnerability resolution time in the Maven ecosystem, focusing on the influence of CVE severity, library popularity as measured by the number of dependents, and version release frequency. The results…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Md Fazle Rabbi , Arifa Islam Champa , Rajshakhar Paul , Minhaz F. Zibran

Applications depend on libraries to avoid reinventing the wheel. Libraries may have incompatible changes during evolving. As a result, applications will suffer from compatibility failures. There has been much research on addressing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Zhouyang Jia , Shanshan Li , Tingting Yu , Chen Zeng , Erci Xu , Xiaodong Liu , Ji Wang , Xiangke Liao

Software applications integrate more and more open-source software (OSS) to benefit from code reuse. As a drawback, each vulnerability discovered in bundled OSS potentially affects the application. Upon the disclosure of every new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Henrik Plate , Serena Elisa Ponta , Antonino Sabetta

Knowing what sensitive resources a dependency could potentially access would help developers assess the risk of a dependency before selection. One way to get an understanding of the potential sensitive resource usage by a dependency is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Imranur Rahman , Ranidya Paramitha , Henrik Plate , Dominik Wermke , Laurie Williams

Open-source software (OSS) is a pillar of modern software development. Its success depends on the dedication of maintainers who work constantly to keep their libraries stable, adapt to changing needs, and support a growing community. Yet,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Rachna Raj , Diego Elias Costa

A risk in adopting third-party dependencies into an application is their potential to serve as a doorway for malicious code to be injected (most often unknowingly). While many initiatives from both industry and research communities focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Supatsara Wattanakriengkrai , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Christoph Treude , Kenichi Matsumoto

While open-source software has enabled significant levels of reuse to speed up software development, it has also given rise to the dreadful dependency hell that all software practitioners face on a regular basis. This article provides a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Tom Mens , Alexandre Decan

Security is a requirement of utmost importance to produce high-quality software. However, there is still a considerable amount of vulnerabilities being discovered and fixed almost weekly. We hypothesize that developers affect the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sofia Reis , Rui Abreu , Luis Cruz

Library migration happens when a library can not meet the project's requirements and is non-trivial to accomplish. To mitigate the problem, substantial efforts have been devoted to understanding its characteristics and recommending…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haiqiao Gu , Yiliang Zhao , Kai Gao , Minghui Zhou

As a mixed result of intensive dependency on third-party libraries, flexible mechanism to declare dependencies, and increased number of modules in a project, multiple versions of the same third-party library are directly depended in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaifeng Huang , Bihuan Chen , Bowen Shi , Ying Wang , Congying Xu , Xin Peng

In finance, leverage is the ratio between assets borrowed from others and one's own assets. A matching situation is present in software: by using free open-source software (FOSS) libraries a developer leverages on other people's code to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Fabio Massacci , Ivan Pashchenko

The popularity of JavaScript has lead to a large ecosystem of third-party packages available via the npm software package registry. The open nature of npm has boosted its growth, providing over 800,000 free and reusable software packages.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Markus Zimmermann , Cristian-Alexandru Staicu , Cam Tenny , Michael Pradel

Software development relies on code reuse to minimize costs, creating vulnerability risks through dependencies with substantial economic impact, as seen in the Crowdstrike and HeartBleed incidents. We analyze 52,897 dependencies across…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-02 Cornelius Fritz , Co-Pierre Georg , Angelo Mele , Michael Schweinberger

Vulnerabilities in open source packages can be a security risk for the client projects that use these packages as dependencies. When a new vulnerability is discovered in a package, the package should quickly release a fix in a new version,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nasif Imtiaz , Aniqa Khanom , Laurie Williams

Industry practitioners are increasingly concerned with software that contains vulnerable versions of third-party dependencies that are included both directly and transitively. To address this problem, projects are encouraged to both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Imranur Rahman , Ranindya Paramitha , William Enck , Laurie Williams