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Streaming TTS that receives streaming text is essential for interactive systems, yet this scheme faces two major challenges: unnatural prosody due to missing lookahead and long-form collapse due to unbounded context. We propose a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Changsong Liu , Tianrui Wang , Ye Ni , Yizhou Peng , Eng Siong Chng

Machine-generated speech is characterized by its limited or unnatural emotional variation. Current text to speech systems generates speech with either a flat emotion, emotion selected from a predefined set, average variation learned from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-10 Sarath Sivaprasad , Saiteja Kosgi , Vineet Gandhi

Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sophie L. Wang , Phillip Isola , Brian Cheung

Length control in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a crucial but under-addressed challenge, with applications ranging from voice interfaces requiring concise responses to research summaries needing comprehensive outputs. Current approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Adewale Akinfaderin , Shreyas Subramanian , Akarsha Sehwag

Controlling the length of text produced by large language models (LLMs) remains challenging: models frequently overshoot or undershoot explicit length instructions because they cannot reliably keep an internal token count. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Juncheng Xie , Hung-yi Lee

This paper investigates controllable generation for large language models (LLMs) with prompt-based control, focusing on Lexically Constrained Generation (LCG). We systematically evaluate the performance of LLMs on satisfying lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bingxuan Li , Yiwei Wang , Tao Meng , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

There has been limited evaluation of advanced Text-to-Speech (TTS) models with Mathematical eXpressions (MX) as inputs. In this work, we design experiments to evaluate quality and intelligibility of five TTS models through listening and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Sujoy Roychowdhury , H. G. Ranjani , Sumit Soman , Nishtha Paul , Subhadip Bandyopadhyay , Siddhanth Iyengar

Recent work shows promising results in expanding the capabilities of large language models (LLM) to directly understand and synthesize speech. However, an LLM-based strategy for modeling spoken dialogs remains elusive, calling for further…

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have made remarkable progress in text generation tasks via fine-tuning. While, it is challenging to fine-tune PLMs in a data-scarce situation. Therefore, it is non-trivial to develop a general and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Jian-Yun Nie , Ji-Rong Wen , Wayne Xin Zhao

This paper introduces StyleSpeech, a novel Text-to-Speech~(TTS) system that enhances the naturalness and accuracy of synthesized speech. Building upon existing TTS technologies, StyleSpeech incorporates a unique Style Decorator structure…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Haowei Lou , Helen Paik , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

Prosody contains rich information beyond the literal meaning of words, which is crucial for the intelligibility of speech. Current models still fall short in phrasing and intonation; they not only miss or misplace breaks when synthesizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Xiangheng He , Junjie Chen , Zixing Zhang , Björn W. Schuller

We introduce LibriTTS-P, a new corpus based on LibriTTS-R that includes utterance-level descriptions (i.e., prompts) of speaking style and speaker-level prompts of speaker characteristics. We employ a hybrid approach to construct prompt…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Masaya Kawamura , Ryuichi Yamamoto , Yuma Shirahata , Takuya Hasumi , Kentaro Tachibana

In spoken dialogue, even if two current turns are the same sentence, their responses might still differ when they are spoken in different styles. The spoken styles, containing paralinguistic and prosodic information, mark the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Guan-Ting Lin , Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

As recent text-to-speech (TTS) systems have been rapidly improved in speech quality and generation speed, many researchers now focus on a more challenging issue: expressive TTS. To control speaking styles, existing expressive TTS models use…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Minchan Kim , Sung Jun Cheon , Byoung Jin Choi , Jong Jin Kim , Nam Soo Kim

The Lombard effect plays a key role in natural communication, particularly in noisy environments or when addressing hearing-impaired listeners. We present a controllable text-to-speech (TTS) system capable of synthesizing Lombard speech for…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Seymanur Akti , Alexander Waibel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have marked a huge leap in neural dialogue modeling. While PLMs are pre-trained on large-scale text corpora, they are usually fine-tuned on scarce dialogue data with specific domain knowledge and dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Xiaodong Gu , Kang Min Yoo , Sang-Woo Lee

State-of-the-art Text-To-Speech (TTS) models are capable of producing high-quality speech. The generated speech, however, is usually neutral in emotional expression, whereas very often one would want fine-grained emotional control of words…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Shijun Wang , Jón Guðnason , Damian Borth

Conversational AI has made significant progress, yet generating expressive and controllable text-to-speech (TTS) remains challenging. Specifically, controlling fine-grained voice styles and emotions is notoriously difficult and typically…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-13 Zhicheng Ouyang , Seong-Gyun Leem , Bach Viet Do , Haibin Wu , Ariya Rastrow , Yuzong Liu , Florian Metze

We propose Guided-TTS, a high-quality text-to-speech (TTS) model that does not require any transcript of target speaker using classifier guidance. Guided-TTS combines an unconditional diffusion probabilistic model with a separately trained…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Heeseung Kim , Sungwon Kim , Sungroh Yoon