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Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses to questions; however, their effectiveness is often hindered by sub-optimal quality of answers and occasional failures to provide accurate responses to questions. To address these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Liang Zhang , Katherine Jijo , Spurthi Setty , Eden Chung , Fatima Javid , Natan Vidra , Tommy Clifford

Deep generative models have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often generate images that are inadequately aligned with text prompts. We propose a fine-tuning method for aligning such…

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) often confronts challenges stemming from the heavy reliance on human annotators in the reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) framework, or the frequent and costly external queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shangding Gu , Alois Knoll , Ming Jin

Despite the impressive capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in integrating text and image modalities, challenges remain in accurately interpreting detailed visual elements. Vision detection models excel at recognizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Qirui Jiao , Daoyuan Chen , Yilun Huang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

Despite their unprecedented success, even the largest language models make mistakes. Similar to how humans learn and improve using feedback, previous work proposed providing language models with natural language feedback to guide them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Afra Feyza Akyürek , Ekin Akyürek , Aman Madaan , Ashwin Kalyan , Peter Clark , Derry Wijaya , Niket Tandon

The promise of generative AI to revolutionize education is constrained by the pedagogical limits of large language models (LLMs). A major issue is the lack of access to high-quality training data that reflect the learning of actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Janos Perczel , Jin Chow , Dorottya Demszky

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle when prompted to generate content under specific constraints. However, in such cases it is often easy to check whether these constraints are satisfied or violated. Recent works have shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Liat Bezalel , Eyal Orgad , Amir Globerson

This study demonstrates the application of instruction finetuning of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the generation of AI research leaderboards, extracting (Task, Dataset, Metric, Score) quadruples from articles. It aims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Salomon Kabongo , Jennifer D'Souza

We propose SETI (Systematicity Evaluation of Textual Inference), a novel and comprehensive benchmark designed for evaluating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for their systematicity capabilities in the domain of textual inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Xiyan Fu , Anette Frank

Large Language Models have introduced new possibilities for programming education through personalized support, content creation, and automated feedback. While recent studies have demonstrated the potential for feedback generation, many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Smitha S Kumar , Michael A Lones , Manuel Maarek , Hind Zantout

Like humans, large language models (LLMs) do not always generate the best output on their first try. Motivated by how humans refine their written text, we introduce Self-Refine, an approach for improving initial outputs from LLMs through…

To solve complex tasks, large language models (LLMs) often require multiple rounds of interactions with the user, sometimes assisted by external tools. However, current evaluation protocols often emphasize benchmark performance with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xingyao Wang , Zihan Wang , Jiateng Liu , Yangyi Chen , Lifan Yuan , Hao Peng , Heng Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess an extraordinary capability to produce text that is not only coherent and contextually relevant but also strikingly similar to human writing. They adapt to various styles and genres, producing content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chinnappa Guggilla , Budhaditya Roy , Trupti Ramdas Chavan , Abdul Rahman , Edward Bowen

Pre-trained large-scale language models (LLMs) excel at producing coherent articles, yet their outputs may be untruthful, toxic, or fail to align with user expectations. Current approaches focus on using reinforcement learning with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dehong Xu , Liang Qiu , Minseok Kim , Faisal Ladhak , Jaeyoung Do

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely adopted for assisting in software development tasks, yet their performance evaluations have narrowly focused on the functional correctness of generated code. Human programmers, however, require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yun Peng , Akhilesh Deepak Gotmare , Michael Lyu , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

Natural language generation (NLG) tasks are often subject to inherent variability; e.g. predicting the next word given a context has multiple valid responses, evident when asking multiple humans to complete the task. While having language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tobias Groot , Salo Lacunes , Evgenia Ilia

Feedback is a critical aspect of improvement. Unfortunately, when there is a lot of feedback from multiple sources, it can be difficult to distill the information into actionable insights. Consider student evaluations of teaching (SETs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Andrew Katz , Mitchell Gerhardt , Michelle Soledad

We introduce LLaVA-Reward, an efficient reward model designed to automatically evaluate text-to-image (T2I) generations across multiple perspectives, leveraging pretrained multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Existing MLLM-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Shijie Zhou , Ruiyi Zhang , Huaisheng Zhu , Branislav Kveton , Yufan Zhou , Jiuxiang Gu , Jian Chen , Changyou Chen

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Previous work on augmenting large multimodal models (LMMs) for text-to-image (T2I) generation has focused on enriching the input space of in-context learning (ICL). This includes providing a few demonstrations and optimizing image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yongyu Mu , Hengyu Li , Junxin Wang , Xiaoxuan Zhou , Chenglong Wang , Yingfeng Luo , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Guocheng Chen , Jingbo Zhu