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Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding and integrating more into daily life to automate tasks, guide decision making, and enhance efficiency. However, complex AI models, which make decisions without providing clear explanations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lakshit Arora , Sanjay Surendranath Girija , Shashank Kapoor , Aman Raj , Dipen Pradhan , Ankit Shetgaonkar

This paper introduces a novel XAI approach based on near-misses analysis (NMA). This approach reveals a hierarchy of logical 'concepts' inferred from the latent decision-making process of a Neural Network (NN) without delving into its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Eran Kaufman , Avivit levy

Given the complexity and lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs), extensive efforts have been made to make these systems more interpretable or explain their behaviors in accessible terms. Unlike most reviews, which focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Haoyi Xiong , Xuhong Li , Xiaofei Zhang , Jiamin Chen , Xinhao Sun , Yuchen Li , Zeyi Sun , Mengnan Du

We present a method of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), "What I Know (WIK)", to provide additional information to verify the reliability of a deep learning model by showing an example of an instance in a training dataset that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Shin-nosuke Ishikawa , Masato Todo , Masato Taki , Yasunobu Uchiyama , Kazunari Matsunaga , Peihsuan Lin , Taiki Ogihara , Masao Yasui

Explainable AI (XAI) methods focus on explaining what a neural network has learned - in other words, identifying the features that are the most influential to the prediction. In this paper, we call them "distinguishing features". However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Kaili Wang , Jose Oramas , Tinne Tuytelaars

Explainable AI(XAI)is a domain focused on providing interpretability and explainability of a decision-making process. In the domain of law, in addition to system and data transparency, it also requires the (legal-) decision-model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Lukasz Gorski , Shashishekar Ramakrishna , Jedrzej M. Nowosielski

Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better)…

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to bring transparency to today's powerful but opaque deep learning models. While local XAI methods explain individual predictions in form of attribution maps, thereby identifying…

Explaining the decisions of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for medical images has become increasingly important. Existing attribution methods have difficulty explaining the meaning of pixels while existing concept-based methods are limited by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Weiji Kong , Xun Gong , Juan Wang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have greatly impacted numerous fields over the past decade. Yet despite exhibiting superb performance over many problems, their black-box nature still poses a significant challenge with respect to explainability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Snir Vitrack Tamam , Raz Lapid , Moshe Sipper

Explainable AI (XAI) is an important developing area but remains relatively understudied for clustering. We propose an explainable-by-design clustering approach that not only finds clusters but also exemplars to explain each cluster. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Ian Davidson , Michael Livanos , Antoine Gourru , Peter Walker , Julien Velcin , S. S. Ravi

Current research on Explainable AI (XAI) heavily targets on expert users (data scientists or AI developers). However, increasing importance has been argued for making AI more understandable to nonexperts, who are expected to leverage AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Chao Wang , Pengcheng An

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

The Segment Anything Model (SAM), developed by Meta AI Research, represents a significant breakthrough in computer vision, offering a robust framework for image and video segmentation. This survey provides a comprehensive exploration of the…

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in mission critical systems such as healthcare, self-driving vehicles, and military which have direct impact on human lives. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks challenges its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Arun Das , Paul Rad

This study introduces the concept of "structural beauty" as an objective computational approach for evaluating the aesthetic appeal of images. Through the utilization of the Segment anything model (SAM), we propose a method that leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Yao Qianxiang , Bin Jiang

Although Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have great generalization and prediction capabilities, their functioning does not allow a detailed explanation of their behavior. Opaque deep learning models are increasingly used to make important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Adrien Bennetot , Gianni Franchi , Javier Del Ser , Raja Chatila , Natalia Diaz-Rodriguez

There has been a significant surge of interest recently around the concept of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), where the goal is to produce an interpretation for a decision made by a machine learning algorithm. Of particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Zhong Qiu Lin , Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Stanislav Bochkarev , Michael St. Jules , Xiao Yu Wang , Alexander Wong

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods in text summarization are essential for understanding the model behavior and fostering trust in model-generated summaries. Despite the effectiveness of XAI methods, recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Seema Aswani , Sujala D. Shetty