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In Machine Learning, a benchmark refers to an ensemble of datasets associated with one or multiple metrics together with a way to aggregate different systems performances. They are instrumental in (i) assessing the progress of new methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Pierre Colombo , Nathan Noiry , Ekhine Irurozki , Stephan Clemencon

Large language model (LLM) evaluation is increasingly costly, prompting interest in methods that speed up evaluation by shrinking benchmark datasets. Benchmark prediction (also called efficient LLM evaluation) aims to select a small subset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Guanhua Zhang , Florian E. Dorner , Moritz Hardt

Evaluation for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks is broken: Unreliable and biased systems score so highly on standard benchmarks that there is little room for researchers who develop better systems to demonstrate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Samuel R. Bowman , George E. Dahl

Recent advancements in NLP have given us models like mBERT and XLMR that can serve over 100 languages. The languages that these models are evaluated on, however, are very few in number, and it is unlikely that evaluation datasets will cover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Anirudh Srinivasan , Sunayana Sitaram , Tanuja Ganu , Sandipan Dandapat , Kalika Bali , Monojit Choudhury

In this position paper, we argue that the classical evaluation on Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks using annotated benchmarks is in trouble. The worst kind of data contamination happens when a Large Language Model (LLM) is trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Oscar Sainz , Jon Ander Campos , Iker García-Ferrero , Julen Etxaniz , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Eneko Agirre

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for systematic methods to assess benchmark quality itself. We propose Benchmark^2, a comprehensive framework comprising three…

Several benchmarks have been built with heavy investment in resources to track our progress in NLP. Thousands of papers published in response to those benchmarks have competed to top leaderboards, with models often surpassing human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Swaroop Mishra , Anjana Arunkumar , Chris Bryan , Chitta Baral

This study addresses the critical challenges of assessing foundational academic skills by leveraging advancements in natural language processing (NLP). Traditional assessment methods often struggle to provide timely and comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinyi Huang , Yingyi Wu , Danyang Zhang , Jiacheng Hu , Yujian Long

With the rapid development of NLP research, leaderboards have emerged as one tool to track the performance of various systems on various NLP tasks. They are effective in this goal to some extent, but generally present a rather simplistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Pengfei Liu , Jinlan Fu , Yang Xiao , Weizhe Yuan , Shuaicheng Chang , Junqi Dai , Yixin Liu , Zihuiwen Ye , Zi-Yi Dou , Graham Neubig

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Damián Blasi , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

Many natural language processing (NLP) tasks are naturally imbalanced, as some target categories occur much more frequently than others in the real world. In such scenarios, current NLP models still tend to perform poorly on less frequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sophie Henning , William Beluch , Alexander Fraser , Annemarie Friedrich

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Missing values pose a persistent challenge in modern data science. Consequently, there is an ever-growing number of publications introducing new imputation methods in various fields. While many studies compare imputation approaches, they…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-10 Krystyna Grzesiak , Christophe Muller , Julie Josse , Jeffrey Näf

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in enhancing the capabilities of natural language processing (NLP). Despite these successes, there remains a dearth of research dedicated to the NLP problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Linxin Song , Jieyu Zhang , Lechao Cheng , Pengyuan Zhou , Tianyi Zhou , Irene Li

Rigorous and interactive class discussions that support students to engage in high-level thinking and reasoning are essential to learning and are a central component of most teaching interventions. However, formally assessing discussion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Nhat Tran , Benjamin Pierce , Diane Litman , Richard Correnti , Lindsay Clare Matsumura

One of the most challenging problems facing NLP today is evaluation. Some of the most pressing issues pertain to benchmark saturation, data contamination, and diversity in the quality of test examples. To address these concerns, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Vipul Gupta , Candace Ross , David Pantoja , Rebecca J. Passonneau , Megan Ung , Adina Williams

The development of LLM agents has led to a growing body of work on knowledge-work AI, including coding, research, and healthcare. However, current knowledge-work evaluation and benchmark design still largely follow the logic of traditional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yining Hua , Hongbin Na , Cyrus Ayubcha , Levi Lian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant utility in real-world applications, exhibiting impressive capabilities in natural language processing and understanding. Benchmark evaluations are crucial for assessing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenbo Zhang , Hengrui Cai , Wenyu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have become important tools in solving biological problems, offering improvements in accuracy and adaptability over conventional methods. Several benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate the performance of…

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