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Personalized and continuous interactions are critical for LLM-based conversational agents, yet finite context windows and static parametric memory hinder the modeling of long-term, cross-session user states. Existing approaches, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ao Tian , Yunfeng Lu , Xinxin Fan , Changhao Wang , Lanzhi Zhou , Yeyao Zhang , Yanfang Liu

Long-term memory plays a critical role in personal interaction, considering long-term memory can better leverage world knowledge, historical information, and preferences in dialogues. Our research introduces PerLTQA, an innovative QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yiming Du , Hongru Wang , Zhengyi Zhao , Bin Liang , Baojun Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Zezhong Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Long-term memory is important for chatbots and dialogue systems (DS) to create consistent and human-like conversations, evidenced by numerous developed memory-augmented DS (MADS). To evaluate the effectiveness of such MADS, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Junqing He , Liang Zhu , Rui Wang , Xi Wang , Reza Haffari , Jiaxing Zhang

Transformer-based language models (LMs) track contextual information through large, hard-coded input windows. We introduce MemoryPrompt, a leaner approach in which the LM is complemented by a small auxiliary recurrent network that passes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Marco Baroni

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in long-term human-machine interactions, which basically relies on iterative recalling and reasoning of history to generate high-quality responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Lei Liu , Xiaoyan Yang , Yue Shen , Binbin Hu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) with memory are computationally universal. However, mainstream LLMs are not taking full advantage of memory, and the designs are heavily influenced by biological brains. Due to their approximate nature and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Chenxu Hu , Jie Fu , Chenzhuang Du , Simian Luo , Junbo Zhao , Hang Zhao

For LLM agents, memory management critically impacts efficiency, quality, and security. While much research focuses on retention, selective forgetting--inspired by human cognitive processes (hippocampal indexing/consolidation theory and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yingjie Gu , Wenjian Xiong , Liqiang Wang , Pengcheng Ren , Chao Li , Xiaojing Zhang , Yijuan Guo , Qi Sun , Jingyao Ma , Shidang Shi

Conversational assistants are increasingly integrating long-term memory with large language models (LLMs). This persistence of memories, e.g., the user is vegetarian, can enhance personalization in future conversations. However, the same…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sidharth Pulipaka , Oliver Chen , Manas Sharma , Taaha S Bajwa , Vyas Raina , Ivaxi Sheth

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various generative tasks. However, their performance is often hampered by limitations in accessing and leveraging long-term memory, leading…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Jingfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advances in the field of natural language processing, but they still face challenges such as continuous decision-making. In this research, we propose a novel framework by integrating…

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

In this study, we propose a novel human-like memory architecture designed for enhancing the cognitive abilities of large language model based dialogue agents. Our proposed architecture enables agents to autonomously recall memories…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yuki Hou , Haruki Tamoto , Homei Miyashita

Despite their remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to effectively leverage historical interaction information in dynamic and complex environments. Memory systems enable LLMs to move beyond stateless interactions by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jizhan Fang , Xinle Deng , Haoming Xu , Ziyan Jiang , Yuqi Tang , Ziwen Xu , Shumin Deng , Yunzhi Yao , Mengru Wang , Shuofei Qiao , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Computational resource constraints on edge devices make it difficult to develop a fully embedded AI companion system with a satisfactory user experience. AI companion and memory systems detailed in existing literature cannot be directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Rahul Gupta , Stephen D. H. Hsu

In order for large language models to achieve true conversational continuity and benefit from experiential learning, they need memory. While research has focused on the development of complex memory systems, it remains unclear which types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Alessandra Terranova , Björn Ross , Alexandra Birch

A core challenge for faithful LLM role-playing is sustaining consistent characterization throughout long, open-ended dialogues, as models frequently fail to recall and accurately apply their designated persona knowledge without explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Kai Wang , Haoyang You , Yang Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) serve as daily assistants for millions. However, their ability to generate responses aligned with individual preferences remains limited. Prior approaches enable only static, single-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chang Nie , Chaoyou Fu , Yifan Zhang , Haihua Yang , Caifeng Shan

To enable personalized and context-aware interactions, conversational AI systems have introduced a new mechanism: Memory. Memory creates what we refer to as the Algorithmic Self-portrait - a new form of personalization derived from users'…

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen