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In this paper we present a novel deep framework for a watermarking - a technique of embedding a transparent message into an image in a way that allows retrieving the message from a (perturbed) copy, so that copyright infringement can be…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

Watermarking is a technical means to dissuade malfeasant usage of Large Language Models. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme, so-called WaterMax, that enjoys high detectability while sustaining the quality of the generated text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon

We introduce a large class of Sobolev bi-orthogonal polynomial sequences arising from a $LU$-factorizable moment matrix and associated with a suitable measure matrix that characterizes the Sobolev bilinear form. A theory of deformations of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-12-22 Gerardo Ariznabarreta , Manuel Mañas , Piergiulio Tempesta

In this paper we combine a flexible covariant formulation of the shallow water equations with the semi-implicit numerical scheme developed over the years by Casulli and collaborators. After adopting an orthogonal, but non-orthonormal,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-26 Maurizio Tavelli , Olindo Zanotti

In unsecured network environments, ownership protection of digital contents, such as images, is becoming a growing concern. Different watermarking methods have been proposed to address the copyright protection of digital materials.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Mahsa Kadkhodaei , Shadrokh Samavi

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an effective tool for distinguishing AI-generated text from human-written content. Statistically, watermark schemes induce dependence between generated tokens and a pseudo-random…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Weijie Su , Ruodu Wang , Zinan Zhao

Watermarking is an important copyright protection technology which generally embeds the identity information into the carrier imperceptibly. Then the identity can be extracted to prove the copyright from the watermarked carrier even after…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Jianwei Fei , Xingming Sun , Jian Weng

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation has raised increasing concerns about intellectual property disputes. Watermarking techniques, which embed meta information into AI-generated content (AIGC), have the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shangkun Che , Silin Du , Ge Gao

This paper discusses the multiscale approach and the convergence of the time-dependent Maxwell-Schr\"{o}dinger system with rapidly oscillating discontinuous coefficients arising from the modeling of a heterogeneous nanostructure with a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Liqun Cao , Chupeng Ma , Jianlan Luo , Lei Zhang

Vulnerability of watermarking schemes against intense signal processing attacks is generally a major concern, particularly when there are techniques to reproduce an acceptable copy of the original signal with no chance for detecting the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Hossein Bakhshi Golestani , Shahrokh Ghaemmaghami

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to detect synthetic text, mitigating misuse cases like fake news and academic dishonesty. While existing watermarking detection techniques primarily focus on classifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xuandong Zhao , Chenwen Liao , Yu-Xiang Wang , Lei Li

In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective tabular data watermarking mechanism with statistical guarantees. We show theoretically that the proposed watermark can be effectively detected, while faithfully preserving the data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hengzhi He , Peiyu Yu , Junpeng Ren , Ying Nian Wu , Guang Cheng

Physical watermarking is a well established technique for replay attack detection in cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Most of the watermarking methods proposed in the literature are designed for discrete-time systems. In general, real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Bahram Yaghooti , Raffaele Romagnoli , Bruno Sinopoli

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Benchmarking digital watermarking algorithms is not an easy task because different applications of digital watermarking often have very different sets of requirements and trade-offs between conflicting requirements. While there have been…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-06-08 Hui Wang , Anthony TS Ho , Shujun Li

Generated contents have raised serious concerns about copyright protection, image provenance, and credit attribution. A potential solution for these problems is watermarking. Recently, content watermarking for text-to-image diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yifan Zhu , Yihan Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao

The indistinguishability of large language model (LLM) output from human-authored content poses significant challenges, raising concerns about potential misuse of AI-generated text and its influence on future model training. Watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexander Nemecek , Yuzhou Jiang , Erman Ayday

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

Multiple watermarking technique, embedding several watermarks in one carrier, has enabled many interesting applications. In this study, a novel multiple watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the spirit of spread transform dither…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-01-19 Xinchao Li , Ju Liu , Jiande Sun , Xiaohui Yang , Wei Liu

A quasi-second order scheme is developed to obtain approximate solutions of the shallow water equationswith bathymetry. The scheme is based on a staggered finite volume scheme for the space discretization:the scalar unknowns are located in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-19 R Herbin , J. -C Latché , Y Nasseri , N Therme