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The support of artificial intelligence (AI) based decision-making is a key element in future 6G networks, where the concept of native AI will be introduced. Moreover, AI is widely employed in different critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

New research focuses on creating artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for network intrusion detection systems (NIDS), drawing its inspiration from the ever-growing number of intrusions on networked systems, increasing its complexity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Osvaldo Arreche , Mustafa Abdallah

Recent advances in computational infrastructure and large-scale data processing have accelerated the adoption of data-driven inference methods, particularly deep learning (DL), to solve problems in many scientific and engineering domains.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Atefeh Termehchi , Ekram Hossain , Angelo Vera-Rivera , Muhammad Ibrahim , Isaac Woungang

Deep learning (DL) models have achieved paradigm-changing performance in many fields with high dimensional data, such as images, audio, and text. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks is a barrier not just to adoption in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Parmita Mehta , Stephen Portillo , Magdalena Balazinska , Andrew Connolly

In this paper, we study two challenging problems in explainable AI (XAI) and data clustering. The first is how to directly design a neural network with inherent interpretability, rather than giving post-hoc explanations of a black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Xi Peng , Yunnan Li , Ivor W. Tsang , Hongyuan Zhu , Jiancheng Lv , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods are being adopted rapidly, especially in computer network security, such as fraud detection, network anomaly detection, intrusion detection, and much more. However, the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Khushnaseeb Roshan , Aasim Zafar

Traditional clustering methods often perform clustering with low-level indiscriminative representations and ignore relationships between patterns, resulting in slight achievements in the era of deep learning. To handle this problem, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Jianlong Chang , Yiwen Guo , Lingfeng Wang , Gaofeng Meng , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on multiple learning tasks, from vision to natural language modelling. With the growing adoption of ML and DL to many areas of computer science,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Anshuman Chhabra , Abhishek Roy , Prasant Mohapatra

In the context of classification problems, Deep Learning (DL) approaches represent state of art. Many DL approaches are based on variations of standard multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. These are also referred to as deep networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Andrea Apicella , Francesco Isgrò , Roberto Prevete

Spectral clustering is a leading and popular technique in unsupervised data analysis. Two of its major limitations are scalability and generalization of the spectral embedding (i.e., out-of-sample-extension). In this paper we introduce a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-06 Uri Shaham , Kelly Stanton , Henry Li , Boaz Nadler , Ronen Basri , Yuval Kluger

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in mission critical systems such as healthcare, self-driving vehicles, and military which have direct impact on human lives. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks challenges its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Arun Das , Paul Rad

Research into 6G networks has been initiated to support a variety of critical artificial intelligence (AI) assisted applications such as autonomous driving. In such applications, AI-based decisions should be performed in a real-time manner.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

Deep learning is becoming increasingly adopted in business and industry due to its ability to transform large quantities of data into high-performing models. These models, however, are generally regarded as black boxes, which, in spite of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Stefan Druc , Peter Wooldridge , Adarsh Krishnamurthy , Soumik Sarkar , Aditya Balu

The landscape in the context of several signal processing applications and even education appears to be significantly affected by the emergence of machine learning (ML) and in particular deep learning (DL).The main reason for this is the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Manish Narwaria

Deep learning (DL) finds rich applications in the wireless domain to improve spectrum awareness. Typically, DL models are either randomly initialized following a statistical distribution or pretrained on tasks from other domains in the form…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Kemal Davaslioglu , Serdar Boztas , Mehmet Can Ertem , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Ender Ayanoglu

Severe constraints on memory and computation characterizing the Internet-of-Things (IoT) units may prevent the execution of Deep Learning (DL)-based solutions, which typically demand large memory and high processing load. In order to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Simone Disabato , Manuel Roveri , Cesare Alippi

Explainable machine learning (XML) has emerged as a major challenge in artificial intelligence (AI). Although black-box models such as Deep Neural Networks and Gradient Boosting often exhibit exceptional predictive accuracy, their lack of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Evgenii Kuriabov , Jia Li

The deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in learning complex patterns with strong predictive power, but they are often thought of as "black box" models without a sufficient level of transparency and interpretability. It…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Agus Sudjianto , William Knauth , Rahul Singh , Zebin Yang , Aijun Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods that incorporate deep neural networks (DNN), though powerful, often lack transparency. Their black-box characteristic hinders interpretability and reduces trustworthiness, particularly in critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Konrad Nowosadko , Franco Ruggeri , Ahmad Terra

Deep learning models are one of the security strategies, trained on extensive datasets, and play a critical role in detecting and responding to these threats by recognizing complex patterns in malicious code. However, the opaque nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Richa Dasila , Vatsala Upadhyay , Samo Bobek , Abhishek Vaish