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The possible transition to the so-called ultimate regime, wherein both the bulk and the boundary layers are turbulent, has been an outstanding issue in thermal convection, since the seminal work by Kraichnan [Phys. Fluids 5, 1374 (1962)].…

Turbulence is an out-of-equilibrium flow state that is characterised by nonzero net fluxes of kinetic energy between different scales of the flow. These fluxes play a crucial role in the formation of characteristic flow structures in many…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-02-04 Youri H. Lemm , Xander M. de Wit , Rudie P. J. Kunnen

Direct numerical simulations are carried out to study flow structure and transport properties in turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection in a cylindrical cell of aspect ratio one with an imposed axial magnetic field. Flows at the Prandtl…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-06-24 Ruslan Akhmedagaev , Oleg Zikanov , Dmitry Krasnov , Joerg Schumacher

Turbulent convection systems are known to give rise to prominent large scale circulation. At the same time, the `background' (or `small-scale') turbulence is also highly relevant and e.g. carries the majority of the heat transport in the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-18 Pieter Berghout , Woutijn Johannes Baars , Dominik Krug

Here we summarize the results from our direct numerical simulations (DNS) and experimental measurements on rotating Rayleigh-B\'enard (RB) convection. Our experiments and simulations are performed in cylindrical samples with an aspect ratio…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-06-21 Richard J. A. M. Stevens , Herman Clercx , Detlef Lohse

We analyze the reversals of the large scale flow in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection both through particle image velocimetry flow visualization and direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the underlying Boussinesq equations in a (quasi)…

The Rayleigh (Ra) and Prandtl (Pr) number scaling of the Nusselt number Nu, the Reynolds number Re, the temperature fluctuations, and the kinetic and thermal dissipation rates is studied for (numerical) homogeneous Rayleigh-Benard…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Enrico Calzavarini , Detlef Lohse , Federico Toschi , Raffaele Tripiccione

Accurate simulation of turbulent flow with separation is an important but challenging problem. In this paper, a data-driven Reynolds-averaged turbulence modeling approach, field inversion and machine learning is implemented to modify the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-06-02 Chongyang Yan , Haoran Li , Yufei Zhang , Haixin Chen

This chapter provides an introduction to data-driven techniques for the development and calibration of closure models for the Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) equations. RANS models are the workhorse for engineering applications of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-04-16 Paola Cinnella

Turbulent superstructures in horizontally extended three-dimensional Rayleigh-B\'enard convection flows are investigated in controlled laboratory experiments in water at Prandtl number $Pr = 7$. A Rayleigh-B\'enard cell with square…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-08-03 Sebastian Moller , Theo Käufer , Ambrish Pandey , Jörg Schumacher , Christian Cierpka

Turbulence remains a problem that is yet to be fully understood, with experimental and numerical studies aiming to fully characterise the statistical properties of turbulent flows. Such studies require huge amount of resources to capture,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-05-31 Vijay Kag , Kannabiran Seshasayanan , Venkatesh Gopinath

The geostrophic turbulence in rapidly rotating thermal convection exhibits characteristics shared by many highly turbulent geophysical and astrophysical flows. In this regime, the convective length and velocity scales, heat flux, and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-01 Jiaxing Song , Olga Shishkina , Xiaojue Zhu

Three-dimensional miscible Rayleigh--Taylor (RT) turbulence at small Atwood number and at Prandtl number one is investigated by means of high resolution direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations. RT turbulence is a…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-19 G. Boffetta , A. Mazzino , S. Musacchio , L. Vozella

We present high-resolution direct numerical simulation studies of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in a closed cylindrical cell with an aspect ratio of one. The focus of our analysis is on the finest scales of convective turbulence, in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-12-04 Janet D. Scheel , Mohammad S. Emran , Joerg Schumacher

Data-driven turbulence modeling studies have reached such a stage that the fundamental framework is basically settled, but several essential issues remain that strongly affect the performance, including accuracy, smoothness, and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-21 Yuhui Yin , Yufei Zhang , Haixin Chen , Song Fu

We conduct direct numerical simulations for turbulent Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard (RB) convection, driven simultaneously by two scalar components (say, temperature and salt concentration) with different molecular diffusivities, and measure the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-07-04 Yantao Yang , Roberto Verzicco , Detlef Lohse

Direct Numerical Simulations of turbulent convection in a large aspect-ratio box are carried out in the range of Rayleigh number $7 \times 10^4 \le Ra \le 2 \times 10^6$ at Prandtl number Pr=0.71. A strong correlation between the vertical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-08-09 Arnab K. De , Vinayak Eswaran , Pankaj K. Mishra

Penetrative turbulence, which occurs in a convectively unstable fluid layer and penetrates into an adjacent, originally stably stratified layer, is numerically and theoretically analyzed. We chose the most relevant example, namely thermally…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-06-30 Qi Wang , Philipp Reiter , Detlef Lohse , Olga Shishkina

Classic turbulence models often struggle to accurately predict complex flows. Although data-driven techniques have addressed these shortcomings, most existing research has concentrated on two-dimensional (2D) cases. This study bridges this…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-19 Chenyu Wu , Shaoguang Zhang , Yufei Zhang

The complex evolution of turbulent mixing in Rayleigh-Taylor convection is studied in terms of eddy diffusiviy models for the mean temperature profile. It is found that a non-linear model, derived within the general framework of Prandtl…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-18 G. Boffetta , F. De Lillo , S. Musacchio