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We study the problem of learning optimal policy from a set of discrete treatment options using observational data. We propose a piecewise linear neural network model that can balance strong prescriptive performance and interpretability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Wei Sun , Asterios Tsiourvas

The input space of a neural network with ReLU-like activations is partitioned into multiple linear regions, each corresponding to a specific activation pattern of the included ReLU-like activations. We demonstrate that this partition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Jianmin Ji , Dacheng Tao

We contribute to a better understanding of the class of functions that can be represented by a neural network with ReLU activations and a given architecture. Using techniques from mixed-integer optimization, polyhedral theory, and tropical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Christoph Hertrich , Amitabh Basu , Marco Di Summa , Martin Skutella

Deep neural networks' remarkable ability to correctly fit training data when optimized by gradient-based algorithms is yet to be fully understood. Recent theoretical results explain the convergence for ReLU networks that are wider than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Asaf Noy , Yi Xu , Yonathan Aflalo , Lihi Zelnik-Manor , Rong Jin

The implicit bias induced by the training of neural networks has become a topic of rigorous study. In the limit of gradient flow and gradient descent with appropriate step size, it has been shown that when one trains a deep linear network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Thien Le , Stefanie Jegelka

Recently, the deep learning community has given growing attention to neural architectures engineered to learn problems in relational domains. Convolutional Neural Networks employ parameter sharing over the image domain, tying the weights of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Marcelo O. R. Prates , Pedro H. C. Avelar , Henrique Lemos , Marco Gori , Luis Lamb

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations. Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Quanshi Zhang , Song-Chun Zhu

Motivated by the growing theoretical understanding of neural networks that employ the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) as their activation function, we revisit the use of ReLU activation functions for learning implicit neural representations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Joseph Shenouda , Yamin Zhou , Robert D. Nowak

Representation learning is the foundation for the recent success of neural network models. However, the distributed representations generated by neural networks are far from ideal. Due to their highly entangled nature, they are di cult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-09 William Whitney

deepstruct connects deep learning models and graph theory such that different graph structures can be imposed on neural networks or graph structures can be extracted from trained neural network models. For this, deepstruct provides deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Julian Stier , Michael Granitzer

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

We study the complexity of functions computable by deep feedforward neural networks with piecewise linear activations in terms of the symmetries and the number of linear regions that they have. Deep networks are able to sequentially map…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-10 Guido Montúfar , Razvan Pascanu , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Deep ReLU neural networks admit nontrivial functional symmetries: vastly different architectures and parameters (weights and biases) can realize the same function. We address the complete identification problem -- given a function f,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yani Zhang , Helmut Bölcskei

We propose a general framework called Network Dissection for quantifying the interpretability of latent representations of CNNs by evaluating the alignment between individual hidden units and a set of semantic concepts. Given any CNN model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-20 David Bau , Bolei Zhou , Aditya Khosla , Aude Oliva , Antonio Torralba

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a standard approach for learning from graph-structured data. However, their reliance on parametric classifiers (most often linear softmax layers) limits interpretability and sometimes hinders…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zeljko Bolevic , Milos Brajovic , Isidora Stankovic , Ljubisa Stankovic

The empirical success of deep learning is often attributed to deep networks' ability to exploit hierarchical structure in data, constructing increasingly complex features across layers. Yet despite substantial progress in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yunwei Ren , Yatin Dandi , Florent Krzakala , Jason D. Lee

Can we employ one neural model to efficiently dismantle many complex yet unique networks? This article provides an affirmative answer. Diverse real-world systems can be abstracted as complex networks each consisting of many functional nodes…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Jiazheng Zhang , Bang Wang

The ongoing decarbonisation of power systems is driving an increasing reliance on distributed energy resources, which introduces complex and nonlinear interactions that are difficult to capture in conventional optimisation models. As a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Yogesh Pipada Sunil Kumar , S. Ali Pourmousavi , Jon A. R. Liisberg , Julian Lesmos-Vinasco

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and their variants have experienced significant attention and have become the de facto methods for learning graph representations. GCNs derive inspiration primarily from recent deep learning approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Felix Wu , Tianyi Zhang , Amauri Holanda de Souza , Christopher Fifty , Tao Yu , Kilian Q. Weinberger

The clear understanding of the non-convex landscape of neural network is a complex incomplete problem. This paper studies the landscape of linear (residual) network, the simplified version of the nonlinear network. By treating the gradient…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Xiuyi Yang