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Quantum key distribution promises unconditionally secure communications. However, as practical devices tend to deviate from their specifications, the security of some practical systems is no longer valid. In particular, an adversary can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Marcos Curty , Feihu Xu , Wei Cui , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Security analysis is a critical part in any cryptographic protocol, may it be classical or quantum. Without security analysis, one cannot ensure the secrecy of the distributed keys. To perform a conclusive security analysis, it is very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Sawan Bhattacharyya , Turbasu Chatterjee , Pankaj Agrawal , Prasenjit Deb

Quantum key distribution can provide unconditionally secure key exchange for remote users in theory. In practice, however, in most quantum key distribution systems, quantum hackers might steal the secure keys by listening to the side…

Key distribution plays a fundamental role in cryptography. Currently, the quantum scheme stands as the only known method for achieving unconditionally secure key distribution. This method has been demonstrated over distances of 508 and 1002…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Hua-Lei Yin

The discrepancy between theory and experiment severely limits the development of quantum key distribution (QKD). Reference-frame-independent (RFI) protocol has been proposed to avoid alignment of the reference frame. However, multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Zhenhua Li , Tianqi Dou , Jipeng Wang , Zhongqi Sun , Fen Zhou , Yanxin Han , Yuqing Huang , Hongwei Liu , Haiqiang Ma

A quantum key distribution protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Through choosing particles by twos from the sequence and performing Bell measurements, two communicators can detect eavesdropping and obtain the secure key.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fei Gao , Fenzhuo Guo , Qiaoyan Wen , Fuchen Zhu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols aim at allowing two parties to generate a secret shared key. While many QKD protocols have been proven unconditionally secure in theory, practical security analyses of experimental QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Michel Boyer , Gilles Brassard , Nicolas Godbout , Rotem Liss , Stéphane Virally

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) eliminates detector side-channel attacks and avoids reference-frame calibration. While its feasibility has been widely demonstrated, existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Xin Liu , Zhicheng Luo , Kaibiao Qin , Jiawang Liu , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

Improving the secret key rate is one of the vital issues in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we propose an experimental scheme of high-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key…

Optics · Physics 2018-06-06 Wei Li , Shengmei Zhao

Mutually unbiased bases have been extensively studied in the literature and are simple and effective in quantum key distribution protocols, but they are not optimal. Here equiangular spherical codes are introduced as a more efficient and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-23 Joseph M. Renes

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

We propose a rotationally-invariant quantum key distribution scheme that uses a pair of orthogonal qubit trines, realized as mixed states of three physical qubits. The measurement outcomes do not depend on how Alice and Bob choose their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Gelo Tabia , Berthold-Georg Englert

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is moving from research laboratories towards applications. As computing becomes more mobile, cashless as well as cardless payment solutions are introduced, and a need arises for incorporating QKD in a mobile…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-04 J. Wabnig , D. Bitauld , H. W. Li , A. Laing , J. L. O'Brien , A. O. Niskanen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. As headed towards commercial application, it is crucial to guarantee the practical security of QKD systems. However, the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) can remove all potential detector side-channel attacks and the requirement of real-time alignment of reference frames. However, all previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Jian-Rong Zhu , Chun-Mei Zhang , Qin Wang

Device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) can permit the superior security even with unknown devices. In practice, however, the realization of device-independent QKD is technically challenging because of its low noise tolerance. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-22 Feihu Xu , Yu-Zhe Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi

Quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution (QKD) have been the most successful applications of quantum information processing, highlighting the unique capability of quantum mechanics, through the no-cloning theorem, to protect the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-18 David S. Simon , Nate Lawrence , Jacob Trevino , Luca Dal Negro , Alexander V. Sergienko

We propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that enables three parties agree at once on a shared common random bit string in presence of an eavesdropper without use of entanglement. We prove its unconditional security and analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-23 Ryutaroh Matsumoto

We propose easy implementable protocols for robust quantum key distribution with the collective dephasing channel or collective rotating channel. In these protocols, Bob only takes passive photon detection to measure the polarization qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Xiang-Bin Wang