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This research identifies a gap in weakly-labelled multivariate time-series classification (TSC), where state-of-the-art TSC models do not per-form well. Weakly labelled time-series are time-series containing noise and significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Surayez Rahman , Chang Wei Tan

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) has gained significant attention due to its real-world applications to improve the stability of modern software systems. However, there is no effective way to verify whether they can meet the…

Early Time-Series Classification (ETSC) is the task of predicting the class of incoming time-series by observing as few measurements as possible. Such methods can be employed to obtain classification forecasts in many time-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Charilaos Akasiadis , Evgenios Kladis , Evangelos Michelioudakis , Elias Alevizos , Alexander Artikis

Estimating counterfactual outcomes over time has the potential to unlock personalized healthcare by assisting decision-makers to answer ''what-iF'' questions. Existing causal inference approaches typically consider regular, discrete-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Nabeel Seedat , Fergus Imrie , Alexis Bellot , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

Token-based time series large language models (TS-LLMs) have emerged as a promising direction for time series analysis and reasoning. However, prior studies largely overlook the inherent continuity and ordinality of time series tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Musheng Li , Ziying Zhang , Cheng jin , Yuantao Gu

Ensemble methods have played a crucial role in achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across various machine learning tasks by leveraging the diversity of features learned by individual models. In Time Series Classification (TSC),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Javidan Abdullayev , Maxime Devanne , Cyril Meyer , Ali Ismail-Fawaz , Jonathan Weber , Germain Forestier

In this work, we introduce metrics to evaluate the use of simplified time series in the context of interpretability of a TSC -- a Time Series Classifier. Such simplifications are important because time series data, in contrast to text and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Brigt Håvardstun , Felix Marti-Perez , Cèsar Ferri , Jan Arne Telle

This paper extends the class of ordinal regression models with a structured interpretation of the problem by applying a novel treatment of encoded labels. The net effect of this is to transform the underlying problem from an ordinal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Niall Twomey , Rafael Poyiadzi , Callum Mann , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez

This paper studies Time Series Extrinsic Regression (TSER): a regression task of which the aim is to learn the relationship between a time series and a continuous scalar variable; a task closely related to time series classification (TSC),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Chang Wei Tan , Christoph Bergmeir , Francois Petitjean , Geoffrey I. Webb

Natural Language Processing technology has advanced vastly in the past decade. Text processing has been successfully applied to a wide variety of domains. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, Text Based Classification(TBC), that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Keshav Ramani , Daniel Borrajo

The first order by time partial differential equations are used as models in applications such as fluid flow, heat transfer, solid deformation, electromagnetic waves, and others. In this paper we propose the new numerical method to solve a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2008-01-14 Ivan Kazachkov

Learning decent representations from unlabeled time-series data with temporal dynamics is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised Time-Series representation learning framework via Temporal and Contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li , Cuntai Guan

There have recently been significant advances in the accuracy of algorithms proposed for time series classification (TSC). However, a commonly asked question by real world practitioners and data scientists less familiar with the research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Matthew Middlehurst , Anthony Bagnall

Handling missing data in time series classification remains a significant challenge in various domains. Traditional methods often rely on imputation, which may introduce bias or fail to capture the underlying temporal dynamics. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 YongKyung Oh , Dong-Young Lim , Sungil Kim , Alex Bui

Sequential-in-time methods solve a sequence of training problems to fit nonlinear parametrizations such as neural networks to approximate solution trajectories of partial differential equations over time. This work shows that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Huan Zhang , Yifan Chen , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Benjamin Peherstorfer

Time series chain (TSC) is a recently introduced concept that captures the evolving patterns in large scale time series. Informally, a time series chain is a temporally ordered set of subsequences, in which consecutive subsequences in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Li Zhang , Nital Patel , Xiuqi Li , Jessica Lin

In 2002, in a seminal article, Christoph Bandt and Bernd Pompe proposed a new methodology for the analysis of complex time series, now known as Ordinal Analysis. The ordinal methodology is based on the computation of symbols (known as…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-06-07 Inmaculada Leyva , Johann Martinez , Cristina Masoller , Osvaldo A. Rosso , Massimiliano Zanin

Despite the growing body of work on explainable machine learning in time series classification (TSC), it remains unclear how to evaluate different explainability methods. Resorting to qualitative assessment and user studies to evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jacqueline Höllig , Steffen Thoma , Florian Grimm

The neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE) model has attracted increasing attention in time series analysis for its capability to process irregular time steps, i.e., data are not observed over equally-spaced time intervals. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Mingyuan Bai , S. T. Boris Choy , Junping Zhang , Junbin Gao

Time series forecasting is ubiquitous in the modern world. Applications range from health care to astronomy, and include climate modelling, financial trading and monitoring of critical engineering equipment. To offer value over this range…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-26 Bernardo Pérez Orozco , Gabriele Abbati , Stephen Roberts