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Continual Learning (CL) aims to learn from a non-stationary data stream where the underlying distribution changes over time. While recent advances have produced efficient memory-free methods in the offline CL (offCL) setting, where tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nicolas Michel , Maorong Wang , Jiangpeng He , Toshihiko Yamasaki

General-purpose learning systems should improve themselves in open-ended fashion in ever-changing environments. Conventional learning algorithms for neural networks, however, suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF), i.e., previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

One of the objectives of continual learning is to prevent catastrophic forgetting in learning multiple tasks sequentially, and the existing solutions have been driven by the conceptualization of the plasticity-stability dilemma. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Seungyub Han , Yeongmo Kim , Taehyun Cho , Jungwoo Lee

Targeted for real world scenarios, online continual learning aims to learn new tasks from sequentially available data under the condition that each data is observed only once by the learner. Though recent works have made remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Due to their inference, data representation and reconstruction properties, Variational Autoencoders (VAE) have been successfully used in continual learning classification tasks. However, their ability to generate images with specifications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Fei Ye , Adrian G. Bors

Online Continual Learning (OCL) models continuously adapt to nonstationary data streams, usually without task information. These settings are complex and many traditional CL methods fail, while online methods (mainly replay-based) suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Edoardo Urettini , Antonio Carta

Continual learning (CL) promises to allow neural networks to learn from continuous streams of inputs, instead of IID (independent and identically distributed) sampling, which requires random access to a full dataset. This would allow for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Shivani Mall , Joao F. Henriques

Online continual learning (OCL) enables real-time adaptation to new data, making it crucial for dynamic robotic applications. However, its practical deployment is hindered by memory constraints in resource-limited systems, which affect key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Zexin Li , Nikil Dutt , Cong Liu

Food image classification is challenging for real-world applications since existing methods require static datasets for training and are not capable of learning from sequentially available new food images. Online continual learning aims to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Data streams are rarely static in dynamic environments like Industry 4.0. Instead, they constantly change, making traditional offline models outdated unless they can quickly adjust to the new data. This need can be adequately addressed by…

Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) refers to a naturalistic setting where an agent needs to endlessly evolve, by trial and error, to solve multiple tasks that are presented sequentially. One of the largest obstacles to CRL is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zichen Liu , Guoji Fu , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

A continual learning (CL) algorithm learns from a non-stationary data stream. The non-stationarity is modeled by some schedule that determines how data is presented over time. Most current methods make strong assumptions on the schedule and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ruohan Wang , Marco Ciccone , Giulia Luise , Andrew Yapp , Massimiliano Pontil , Carlo Ciliberto

Continual learning aims to learn a sequence of tasks by leveraging the knowledge acquired in the past in an online-learning manner while being able to perform well on all previous tasks, this ability is crucial to the artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Ya-nan Han , Jian-wei Liu

In Online Continual Learning (OCL), a neural network sequentially learns from a non-stationary data stream in a single-pass with access only to a limited memory replay buffer. This contrasts sharply with off-line continual learning where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ankita Awasthi , Marco Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

Humans and animals learn throughout their lives from limited amounts of sensed data, both with and without supervision. Autonomous, intelligent robots of the future are often expected to do the same. The existing continual learning (CL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Elvin Hajizada , Balachandran Swaminathan , Yulia Sandamirskaya

Continual learning (CL) refers to a machine learning paradigm that learns continuously without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Thereby, major difficulty in CL is catastrophic forgetting of preceding tasks, caused by shifts in data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Stella Ho , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Longxiang Gao , Yong Xiang

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

The goal of continual learning is to provide intelligent agents that are capable of learning continually a sequence of tasks using the knowledge obtained from previous tasks while performing well on prior tasks. However, a key challenge in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Ya-nan Han , Jian-wei Liu

Acquiring new knowledge without forgetting what has been learned in a sequence of tasks is the central focus of continual learning (CL). While tasks arrive sequentially, the training data are often prepared and annotated independently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Thuy-Trang Vu , Shahram Khadivi , Mahsa Ghorbanali , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

Continual learning (CL) aims to learn a sequence of tasks without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge. However, recent CL advances are restricted to supervised continual learning (SCL) scenarios. Consequently, they are not scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Divyam Madaan , Jaehong Yoon , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu , Sung Ju Hwang