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The exploitation of publicly accessible data has led to escalating concerns regarding data privacy and intellectual property (IP) breaches in the age of artificial intelligence. To safeguard both data privacy and IP-related domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Derui Wang , Minhui Xue , Bo Li , Seyit Camtepe , Liming Zhu

There is a growing interest in developing unlearnable examples (UEs) against visual privacy leaks on the Internet. UEs are training samples added with invisible but unlearnable noise, which have been found can prevent unauthorized training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jiaming Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Qi Yi , Jitao Sang , Yu-Gang Jiang , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

The training of contemporary deep learning models heavily relies on publicly available data, posing a risk of unauthorized access to online data and raising concerns about data privacy. Current approaches to creating unlearnable data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Jingwen Ye , Xinchao Wang

Unlearnable examples (UEs) refer to training samples modified to be unlearnable to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). These examples are usually generated by adding error-minimizing noises that can fool a DNN model into believing that there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yujing Jiang , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Monazam Erfani , James Bailey

Deep neural networks are proven to be vulnerable to data poisoning attacks. Recently, a specific type of data poisoning attack known as availability attacks has led to the failure of data utilization for model learning by adding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yi Yu , Qichen Zheng , Siyuan Yang , Wenhan Yang , Jun Liu , Shijian Lu , Yap-Peng Tan , Kwok-Yan Lam , Alex Kot

High-quality data plays an indispensable role in the era of large models, but the use of unauthorized data for model training greatly damages the interests of data owners. To overcome this threat, several unlearnable methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Kai Ye , Liangcai Su , Chenxiong Qian

Large-scale pre-training frameworks like CLIP have revolutionized multimodal learning, but their reliance on web-scraped datasets, frequently containing private user data, raises serious concerns about misuse. Unlearnable Examples (UEs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xingjun Ma , Hanxun Huang , Tianwei Song , Ye Sun , Yifeng Gao , Yu-Gang Jiang

Unlearnable Examples (UEs) serve as a data protection strategy that generates imperceptible perturbations to mislead models into learning spurious correlations instead of underlying semantics. In this paper, we uncover a fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhihao Li , Gezheng Xu , Jiale Cai , Ruiyi Fang , Di Wu , Qicheng Lao , Charles Ling , Boyu Wang

The unauthorized use of personal data in model training has emerged as a growing privacy threat. Unlearnable examples (UEs) address this issue by embedding imperceptible perturbations into benign examples to obstruct feature learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bo Wang , Jia Ni , Mengnan Zhao , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Unlearnable examples are proposed to prevent third parties from exploiting unauthorized data, which generates unlearnable examples by adding imperceptible perturbations to public publishing data. These unlearnable examples proficiently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pucheng Dang , Xing Hu , Kaidi Xu , Jinhao Duan , Di Huang , Husheng Han , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a profound impact in almost every domain. One of the crucial factors contributing to this success has been the access to an abundance of high-quality data for constructing machine learning models.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Bin Fang , Bo Li , Shuang Wu , Tianyi Zheng , Shouhong Ding , Ran Yi , Lizhuang Ma

Privacy preserving has become increasingly critical with the emergence of social media. Unlearnable examples have been proposed to avoid leaking personal information on the Internet by degrading generalization abilities of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Yifan Zhu , Lijia Yu , Xiao-Shan Gao

Recent advancements in AI models are structured to retain user interactions, which could inadvertently include sensitive healthcare data. In the healthcare field, particularly when radiologists use AI-driven diagnostic tools hosted on…

The recent success of machine learning models, especially large-scale classifiers and language models, relies heavily on training with massive data. These data are often collected from online sources. This raises serious concerns about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ruihan Zhang , Jun Sun , Ee-Peng Lim , Peixin Zhang

Unlearnable example attacks are data poisoning techniques that can be used to safeguard public data against unauthorized use for training deep learning models. These methods add stealthy perturbations to the original image, thereby making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Tianrui Qin , Xitong Gao , Juanjuan Zhao , Kejiang Ye , Cheng-Zhong Xu

The volume of "free" data on the internet has been key to the current success of deep learning. However, it also raises privacy concerns about the unauthorized exploitation of personal data for training commercial models. It is thus crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Hanxun Huang , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Monazam Erfani , James Bailey , Yisen Wang

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in image generation tasks, paving the way for powerful AIGC applications. However, these widely-used generative models can also raise security and privacy concerns, such as copyright…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengyue Zhao , Jinhao Duan , Xing Hu , Kaidi Xu , Chenan Wang , Rui Zhang , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Unlearnable examples (UE) have emerged as a practical mechanism to prevent unauthorized model training on private vision data, while extending this protection to tabular data is nontrivial. Tabular data in finance and healthcare is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiaming He , Fuming Luo , Hongwei Li , Wenbo Jiang , Wenshu Fan , Zhenbo Shi , Xudong Jiang , Yi Yu

This paper addresses the ethical concerns arising from the use of unauthorized public data in deep learning models and proposes a novel solution. Specifically, building on the work of Huang et al. (2021), we extend their bi-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinzhe Li , Ming Liu , Shang Gao

Recent work has shown that imperceptible perturbations can be applied to craft unlearnable examples (ULEs), i.e. images whose content cannot be used to improve a classifier during training. In this paper, we reveal the road that researchers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Zhuoran Liu , Zhengyu Zhao , Alex Kolmus , Tijn Berns , Twan van Laarhoven , Tom Heskes , Martha Larson
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