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Attribution methods have been developed to understand the decision-making process of machine learning models, especially deep neural networks, by assigning importance scores to individual features. Existing attribution methods often built…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-14 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Xia Hu

As businesses, products, and services spring up around large language models, the trustworthiness of these models hinges on the verifiability of their outputs. However, methods for explaining language model outputs largely fall across two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Theodora Worledge , Judy Hanwen Shen , Nicole Meister , Caleb Winston , Carlos Guestrin

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is at the forefront of AI research. In XAI, feature attribution methods produce explanations in the form of feature importance. People often use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Jamie Duell , Monika Seisenberger , Gert Aarts , Shangming Zhou , Xiuyi Fan

We introduce Matched Machine Learning, a framework that combines the flexibility of machine learning black boxes with the interpretability of matching, a longstanding tool in observational causal inference. Interpretability is paramount in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-05 Marco Morucci , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

Feature attribution maps are a popular approach to highlight the most important pixels in an image for a given prediction of a model. Despite a recent growth in popularity and available methods, little attention is given to the objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Arne Gevaert , Axel-Jan Rousseau , Thijs Becker , Dirk Valkenborg , Tijl De Bie , Yvan Saeys

Machine learning models have achieved widespread success but often inherit and amplify historical biases, resulting in unfair outcomes. Traditional fairness methods typically impose constraints at the prediction level, without addressing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enze Shi , Pankaj Bhagwat , Zhixian Yang , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Feature attribution methods help make machine learning-based inference explainable by determining how much one or several features have contributed to a model's output. A particularly popular attribution method is based on the Shapley value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Filip Naudot , Tobias Sundqvist , Timotheus Kampik

Algorithmic fairness has aroused considerable interests in data mining and machine learning communities recently. So far the existing research has been mostly focusing on the development of quantitative metrics to measure algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Weishen Pan , Sen Cui , Jiang Bian , Changshui Zhang , Fei Wang

In prediction-based decision-making systems, different perspectives can be at odds: The short-term business goals of the decision makers are often in conflict with the decision subjects' wish to be treated fairly. Balancing these two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Corinna Hertweck , Joachim Baumann , Michele Loi , Eleonora Viganò , Christoph Heitz

Feature attribution is a fundamental task in both machine learning and data analysis, which involves determining the contribution of individual features or variables to a model's output. This process helps identify the most important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jinfeng Zhong , Elsa Negre

Feature attribution methods are popular in interpretable machine learning. These methods compute the attribution of each input feature to represent its importance, but there is no consensus on the definition of "attribution", leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yilun Zhou , Serena Booth , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Julie Shah

Various attribution methods have been developed to explain deep neural networks (DNNs) by inferring the attribution/importance/contribution score of each input variable to the final output. However, existing attribution methods are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Ziwei Yang , Zheyang Li , Quanshi Zhang

Feature attributions are post-training analysis methods that assess how various input features of a machine learning model contribute to an output prediction. Their interpretation is straightforward when features act independently, but it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kurt Butler , Guanchao Feng , Petar Djuric

Algorithmic risk assessments are used to inform decisions in a wide variety of high-stakes settings. Often multiple predictive models deliver similar overall performance but differ markedly in their predictions for individual cases, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Amanda Coston , Ashesh Rambachan , Alexandra Chouldechova

Factorization-based models have gained popularity since the Netflix challenge {(2007)}. Since that, various factorization-based models have been developed and these models have been proven to be efficient in predicting users' ratings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Jinfeng Zhong , Elsa Negre

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Feature attribution methods attempt to explain neural network predictions by identifying relevant features. However, establishing a cohesive framework for assessing feature attribution remains a challenge. There are several views through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yawei Li , Yang Zhang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Ashkan Khakzar , Bernd Bischl , Mina Rezaei

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used for consequential decision making regarding individuals based on their relevant features. Features that are relevant for accurate decisions may however lead to either explicit or implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Sajad Khodadadian , Mohamed Nafea , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash

Feature attribution methods, proposed recently, help users interpret the predictions of complex models. Our approach integrates feature attributions into the objective function to allow machine learning practitioners to incorporate priors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Frederick Liu , Besim Avci