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Related papers: Transfer Learning for Causal Effect Estimation

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Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a principled framework for sequential decision-making in environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Adams Yiyue Zhu , Chen Yang , Dongruo Zhou

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to improve generalization performance by learning multiple related tasks simultaneously. While sometimes the underlying task relationship structure is known, often the structure needs to be estimated from data…

Reduced order models based on the transport of a lower dimensional manifold representation of the thermochemical state, such as Principal Component (PC) transport and Machine Learning (ML) techniques, have been developed to reduce the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-05-20 Bruno S. Soriano , Ki Sung Jung , Tarek Echekki , Jacqueline H. Chen , Mohammad Khalil

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to complex decision making. However, one issue that limits its practical application is its brittleness, sometimes failing to train in the presence of small changes in the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Jung-Hoon Cho , Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Cathy Wu

Performance of neural network models relies on the availability of large datasets with minimal levels of uncertainty. Transfer Learning (TL) models have been proposed to resolve the issue of small dataset size by letting the model train on…

Many machine learning and data mining algorithms rely on the assumption that the training and testing data share the same feature space and distribution. However, this assumption may not always hold. For instance, there are situations where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Adrian Shuai Li , Arun Iyengar , Ashish Kundu , Elisa Bertino

Deep neural networks (DNNs) often struggle with out-of-distribution data, limiting their reliability in diverse realworld applications. To address this issue, domain generalization methods have been developed to learn domain-invariant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jiaxi Li , Di Lin , Hao Chen , Hongying Liu , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

Transfer learning, also referred as knowledge transfer, aims at reusing knowledge from a source dataset to a similar target one. While many empirical studies illustrate the benefits of transfer learning, few theoretical results are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-19 David Obst , Badih Ghattas , Jairo Cugliari , Georges Oppenheim , Sandra Claudel , Yannig Goude

As systems are getting more autonomous with the development of artificial intelligence, it is important to discover the causal knowledge from observational sensory inputs. By encoding a series of cause-effect relations between events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yuhao Wang , Vlado Menkovski , Hao Wang , Xin Du , Mykola Pechenizkiy

This thesis investigates two key phenomena in large language models (LLMs): in-context learning (ICL) and model collapse. We study ICL in a linear transformer with tied weights trained on linear regression tasks, and show that minimising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Josef Ott

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation has attracted much attention in recent years because of the high cost of medical image annotations. In this paper, we propose a novel Inherent Consistent Learning (ICL) method, aims to learn robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Ye Zhu , Jie Yang , Si-Qi Liu , Ruimao Zhang

Causal learning is the key to obtaining stable predictions and answering \textit{what if} problems in decision-makings. In causal learning, it is central to seek methods to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) from observational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-07 Yiyan Huang , Cheuk Hang Leung , Qi Wu , Xing Yan

Transfer learning (TL) has emerged as a powerful tool to supplement data collected for a target task with data collected for a related source task. The Bayesian framework is natural for TL because information from the source data can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-06 Mohamed A. Abba , Jonathan P. Williams , Brian J. Reich

Understanding causal heterogeneity is essential for scientific discovery in domains such as biology and medicine. However, existing methods lack causal awareness, with insufficient modeling of heterogeneity, confounding, and observational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Wenrui Li , Qinghao Zhang , Xiaowo Wang

Transfer learning is widely used for training deep neural networks (DNN) for building a powerful representation. Even after the pre-trained model is adapted for the target task, the representation performance of the feature extractor is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Seunghee Koh , Hyounguk Shon , Janghyeon Lee , Hyeong Gwon Hong , Junmo Kim

When dealing with real-world optimization problems, decision-makers usually face high levels of uncertainty associated with partial information, unknown parameters, or complex relationships between these and the problem decision variables.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Antonio Alcántara , Carlos Ruiz

Causal inference is a critical research area with multi-disciplinary origins and applications, ranging from statistics, computer science, economics, psychology to public health. In many scientific research, randomized experiments provide a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-26 Jingying Zeng

Unobserved confounding is common in many applications, making causal inference from observational data challenging. As a remedy, causal sensitivity analysis is an important tool to draw causal conclusions under unobserved confounding with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Dennis Frauen , Fergus Imrie , Alicia Curth , Valentyn Melnychuk , Stefan Feuerriegel , Mihaela van der Schaar

Causal representation learning seeks to uncover causal relationships among high-level latent variables from low-level, entangled, and noisy observations. Existing approaches often either rely on deep neural networks, which lack…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Wenjin Zhang , Yixin Wang , Yuqi Gu

Transfer learning (TL) is used to extrapolate the physics information encoded in a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) trained on synthetic neutrino-carbon inclusive scattering data to related processes such as neutrino-argon and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-20 Jose L. Bonilla , Krzysztof M. Graczyk , Artur M. Ankowski , Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee , Beata E. Kowal , Hemant Prasad , Jan T. Sobczyk