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Related papers: Transfer Learning for Causal Effect Estimation

200 papers

Transfer learning uses a data model, trained to make predictions or inferences on data from one population, to make reliable predictions or inferences on data from another population. Most existing transfer learning approaches are based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-01 Jimmy Hickey , Jonathan P. Williams , Emily C. Hector

The proliferation of sensors brings an immense volume of spatio-temporal (ST) data in many domains, including monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics applications. Data curation is a time-consuming process for a large volume of data,…

Estimating causal effects from observational data remains a fundamental challenge in causal inference, especially in the presence of latent confounders. This paper focuses on estimating causal effects in Gaussian Linear Structural Causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Aurghya Maiti , Prateek Jain

One of the most critical problems in transfer learning is the task of domain adaptation, where the goal is to apply an algorithm trained in one or more source domains to a different (but related) target domain. This paper deals with domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Mohammad Ali Javidian , Om Pandey , Pooyan Jamshidi

Reinforcement Learning (RL) faces significant challenges in adaptive healthcare interventions, such as dementia care, where data is scarce, decisions require interpretability, and underlying patient-state dynamic are complex and causal in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenzheng Zhao , Ran Zhang , Ruth Palan Lopez , Shu-Fen Wung , Fengpei Yuan

Generalization methods offer a powerful solution to one of the key drawbacks of randomized controlled trials (RCTs): their limited representativeness. By enabling the transport of treatment effect estimates to target populations subject to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-20 Ahmed Boughdiri , Clément Berenfeld , Julie Josse , Erwan Scornet

Data used for training structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are expensive and often impractical to obtain, particularly labelled data. Population-based SHM presents a potential solution to this issue by considering the available data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 J. Poole , P. Gardner , A. J. Hughes , N. Dervilis , R. S. Mills , T. A. Dardeno , K. Worden

We introduce a transfer learning framework for regression that leverages heterogeneous source domains to improve predictive performance in a data-scarce target domain. Our approach learns a conditional generative model separately for each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yikun Zhang , Steven Wilkins-Reeves , Wesley Lee , Aude Hofleitner

Causal structure learning (CSL) refers to the task of learning causal relationships from data. Advances in CSL now allow learning of causal graphs in diverse application domains, which has the potential to facilitate data-driven causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-09 Luka Kovačević , Izzy Newsham , Sach Mukherjee , John Whittaker

While witnessing the exceptional success of machine learning (ML) technologies in many applications, users are starting to notice a critical shortcoming of ML: correlation is a poor substitute for causation. The conventional way to discover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Ahmet Kapkiç , Pratanu Mandal , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Abhinav Gorantla , Yoonhyuk Choi , Huan Liu , K. Selçuk Candan

Transfer learning (TL) utilizes data or knowledge from one or more source domains to facilitate the learning in a target domain. It is particularly useful when the target domain has very few or no labeled data, due to annotation expense,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Wen Zhang , Lingfei Deng , Lei Zhang , Dongrui Wu

Although recent multi-task learning methods have shown to be effective in improving the generalization of deep neural networks, they should be used with caution for safety-critical applications, such as clinical risk prediction. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 A. Tuan Nguyen , Hyewon Jeong , Eunho Yang , Sung Ju Hwang

Currently, pre-trained language models (PLMs) do not cope well with the distribution shift problem, resulting in models trained on the training set failing in real test scenarios. To address this problem, the test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Yi Su , Yixin Ji , Juntao Li , Hai Ye , Min Zhang

Unsupervised domain adaptation without consuming annotation process for unlabeled target data attracts appealing interests in semantic segmentation. However, 1) existing methods neglect that not all semantic representations across domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Jiahua Dong , Yang Cong , Gan Sun , Yuyang Liu , Xiaowei Xu

Test-time training (TTT) enhances model performance by explicitly updating designated parameters prior to each prediction to adapt to the test data. While TTT has demonstrated considerable empirical success, its theoretical underpinnings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kento Kuwataka , Taiji Suzuki

In causal inference, interference occurs when the treatment of one unit may affect the outcomes of other units. The goal of this work is to serve as a guide to the use of linear outcome modeling for estimating causal effects in settings…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-01 Eric Tong , Salvador V. Balkus

We study targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) of the average treatment effect in a semiparametric regression model whose mean function is indexed by a finite-dimensional parameter, while the additive error distribution is left…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-20 Mijeong Kim

Latent confounders---unobserved variables that influence both treatment and outcome---can bias estimates of causal effects. In some cases, these confounders are shared across observations, e.g. all students taking a course are influenced by…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-15 Sam Witty , Kenta Takatsu , David Jensen , Vikash Mansinghka

Correlated outcomes are common in many practical problems. In some settings, one outcome is of particular interest, and others are auxiliary. To leverage information shared by all the outcomes, traditional multi-task learning (MTL)…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-23 Muxuan Liang , Jaeyoung Park , Qing Lu , Xiang Zhong

Where performance comparison of healthcare providers is of interest, characteristics of both patients and the health condition of interest must be balanced across providers for a fair comparison. This is unlikely to be feasible within…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-04 Wendy J. Harrison , Paul D. Baxter , Mark S. Gilthorpe