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Extragalactic foregrounds -- most notably the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect -- exhibit complex, non-Gaussian structure and correlations that can bias analyses of small-scale cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Karthik Prabhu , Srinivasan Raghunathan , Ethan B. Anderes , Lloyd E. Knox

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have been proven capable of synthesizing high-quality images with remarkable diversity when trained on large amounts of data. Typical diffusion models and modern large-scale conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jingyuan Zhu , Huimin Ma , Jiansheng Chen , Jian Yuan

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have achieved remarkable success in various image generation tasks compared with Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs). Recent work on semantic image synthesis mainly follows the de facto…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Wengang Zhou , Weilun Wang , Jianmin Bao , Dongdong Chen , Dong Chen , Lu Yuan , Houqiang Li

Diffusion models generate new samples by progressively decreasing the noise from the initially provided random distribution. This inference procedure generally utilizes a trained neural network numerous times to obtain the final output,…

Image restoration is a classic low-level problem aimed at recovering high-quality images from low-quality images with various degradations such as blur, noise, rain, haze, etc. However, due to the inherent complexity and non-uniqueness of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuhong Zhang , Hengsheng Zhang , Xinning Chai , Zhengxue Cheng , Rong Xie , Li Song , Wenjun Zhang

Radio astronomical observations have very poor signal to noise ratios, unlike in other disciplines. On the other hand, it is possible to observe the object of interest for long time intervals as well as using a wider bandwidth.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-02 Sarod Yatawatta

Deep neural networks have been extensively applied in the medical domain for various tasks, including image classification, segmentation, and landmark detection. However, their application is often hindered by data scarcity, both in terms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Roberto Di Via , Francesca Odone , Vito Paolo Pastore

To obtain high-quality positron emission tomography (PET) scans while reducing radiation exposure to the human body, various approaches have been proposed to reconstruct standard-dose PET (SPET) images from low-dose PET (LPET) images. One…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Zeyu Han , Yuhan Wang , Luping Zhou , Peng Wang , Binyu Yan , Jiliu Zhou , Yan Wang , Dinggang Shen

Point cloud upsampling (PCU) enriches the representation of raw point clouds, significantly improving the performance in downstream tasks such as classification and reconstruction. Most of the existing point cloud upsampling methods focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Wentao Qu , Yuantian Shao , Lingwu Meng , Xiaoshui Huang , Liang Xiao

Medical image segmentation is a challenging task, made more difficult by many datasets' limited size and annotations. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM) have recently shown promise in modelling the distribution of natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Margherita Rosnati , Melanie Roschewitz , Ben Glocker

Reliable anomaly detection in photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical for maintaining solar energy efficiency. However, developing robust computer vision models for PV inspection is constrained by the scarcity of large-scale, diverse, and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-14 Shiva Hanifi , Sasan Jafarnejad , Marc Köntges , Andrej Wentnagel , Andreas Kokkas , Raphael Frank

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) (Ho et al. 2020) have shown impressive results on image and waveform generation in continuous state spaces. Here, we introduce Discrete Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (D3PMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Jacob Austin , Daniel D. Johnson , Jonathan Ho , Daniel Tarlow , Rianne van den Berg

Existing image restoration methods mostly leverage the posterior distribution of natural images. However, they often assume known degradation and also require supervised training, which restricts their adaptation to complex real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Ben Fei , Zhaoyang Lyu , Liang Pan , Junzhe Zhang , Weidong Yang , Tianyue Luo , Bo Zhang , Bo Dai

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an important topic in the field of radiology over the past decades. LDCT reduces ionizing radiation-induced patient health risks but it also results in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a potential…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-03 Wenjun Xia , Qing Lyu , Ge Wang

Detecting anomalies in brain MRI scans using supervised deep learning methods presents challenges due to anatomical diversity and labor-intensive requirement of pixel-level annotations. Generative models like Denoising Diffusion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Vivek Kumar Trivedi , Bheeshm Sharma , P. Balamurugan

Underwater vision is crucial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and enhancing degraded underwater images in real-time on a resource-constrained AUV is a key challenge due to factors like light absorption and scattering, or the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Nguyen Gia Bach , Chanh Minh Tran , Eiji Kamioka , Phan Xuan Tan

Recently, text-to-image diffusion models become a new paradigm in image processing fields, including content generation, image restoration and image-to-image translation. Given a target prompt, Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yupei Lin , Xiaoyu Xian , Yukai Shi , Liang Lin

Compressed sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image formation, formulated as an inverse problem and solved with traditional iterative optimization methods can be very computationally expensive. We investigate the use of denoising…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Odysseas Pappas , Perla Mayo , Andrew Austin , Alin Achim

We have developed a method for the linear reconstruction of an image from undersampled, dithered data, which has been used to create the distributed, combined Hubble Deep Field images -- the deepest optical images yet taken of the universe.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Andrew Fruchter , Richard Hook

We show that a Denoising Diffusion Probabalistic Model (DDPM), a class of score-based generative model, can be used to produce realistic mock images that mimic observations of galaxies. Our method is tested with Dark Energy Spectroscopic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Michael J. Smith , James E. Geach , Ryan A. Jackson , Nikhil Arora , Connor Stone , Stéphane Courteau