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This paper studies compressing pre-trained language models, like BERT (Devlin et al.,2019), via teacher-student knowledge distillation. Previous works usually force the student model to strictly mimic the smoothed labels predicted by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Xing Wu , Yibing Liu , Xiangyang Zhou , Dianhai Yu

Language fairness in multilingual information retrieval (MLIR) systems is crucial for ensuring equitable access to information across diverse languages. This paper sheds light on the issue, based on the assumption that queries in different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jinrui Yang , Fan Jiang , Timothy Baldwin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate remarkable zero-shot generalization to unseen tasks, but fall short of the performance of supervised methods in generalizing to downstream tasks with limited data. Prompt learning is emerging as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Marco Mistretta , Alberto Baldrati , Marco Bertini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

To reduce a model size but retain performance, we often rely on knowledge distillation (KD) which transfers knowledge from a large "teacher" model to a smaller "student" model. However, KD on multimodal datasets such as vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Woojeong Jin , Maziar Sanjabi , Shaoliang Nie , Liang Tan , Xiang Ren , Hamed Firooz

Cross-lingual knowledge transfer, especially between high- and low-resource languages, remains challenging in natural language processing (NLP). This study offers insights for improving cross-lingual NLP applications through the combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

Transferring information retrieval (IR) models from a high-resource language (typically English) to other languages in a zero-shot fashion has become a widely adopted approach. In this work, we show that the effectiveness of zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Robert Litschko , Ekaterina Artemova , Barbara Plank

Knowledge distillation (KD) has enabled remarkable progress in model compression and knowledge transfer. However, KD requires a large volume of original data or their representation statistics that are not usually available in practice.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Pengchao Han , Jihong Park , Shiqiang Wang , Yejun Liu

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) generation by using an efficient draft model to propose the next few tokens, which are verified by the LLM in a single forward call, reducing latency while preserving its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Milan Gritta , Huiyin Xue , Gerasimos Lampouras

In the field of large language models (LLMs), Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a critical technique for transferring capabilities from teacher models to student models. However, existing KD methods face limitations and challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yixing Li , Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Dequan Wang , Yu Cheng , Furu Wei

The lack of publicly available evaluation data for low-resource languages limits progress in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU). As key tasks like intent classification and slot filling require abundant training data, it is desirable to…

Knowledge distillation is an effective way to transfer knowledge from a strong teacher to an efficient student model. Ideally, we expect the better the teacher is, the better the student. However, this expectation does not always come true.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Zhenghao Lin , Yeyun Gong , Xiao Liu , Hang Zhang , Chen Lin , Anlei Dong , Jian Jiao , Jingwen Lu , Daxin Jiang , Rangan Majumder , Nan Duan

Knowledge distillation is an effective technique for pre-trained language model compression. However, existing methods only focus on the knowledge distribution among layers, which may cause the loss of fine-grained information in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zihe Liu , Yulong Mao , Jinan Xu , Xinrui Peng , Kaiyu Huang

Ranker and retriever are two important components in dense passage retrieval. The retriever typically adopts a dual-encoder model, where queries and documents are separately input into two pre-trained models, and the vectors generated by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Haifeng Li , Mo Hai , Dong Tang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is known as a promising solution to compress large language models (LLMs) via transferring their knowledge to smaller models. During this process, white-box KD methods usually minimize the distance between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Songming Zhang , Xue Zhang , Zengkui Sun , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu

Recent work has shown that more effective dense retrieval models can be obtained by distilling ranking knowledge from an existing base re-ranking model. In this paper, we propose a generic curriculum learning based optimization framework…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Hansi Zeng , Hamed Zamani , Vishwa Vinay

Large language models have become increasingly popular and demonstrated remarkable performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models are typically computationally expensive and difficult to be deployed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Dongheng Li , Yongchang Hao , Lili Mou

Scarcity of parallel sentence-pairs poses a significant hurdle for training high-quality Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models in bilingually low-resource scenarios. A standard approach is transfer learning, which involves taking a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Fahimeh Saleh , Wray Buntine , Gholamreza Haffari

Prompt learning as a parameter-efficient method that has been widely adopted to adapt Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to downstream tasks. While hard-prompt design requires domain expertise and iterative optimization, soft-prompt methods rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zherui Zhang , Jiaxin Wu , Changwei Wang , Rongtao Xu , Longzhao Huang , Wenhao Xu , Wenbo Xu , Li Guo , Shibiao Xu

Recent end-to-end approaches have shown promise in extending large language models (LLMs) to speech inputs, but face limitations in directly assessing and optimizing alignment quality and fail to achieve fine-grained alignment due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Chen Wang , Minpeng Liao , Zhongqiang Huang , Jiajun Zhang

Retrieving code functions, classes or files that are relevant in order to solve a given user query, bug report or feature request from large codebases is a fundamental challenge for Large Language Model (LLM)-based coding agents. Agentic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shravan Chaudhari , Rahul Thomas Jacob , Mononito Goswami , Jiajun Cao , Shihab Rashid , Christian Bock