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The universal approximation property uniformly with respect to weakly compact families of measures is established for several classes of neural networks. To that end, we prove that these neural networks are dense in Orlicz spaces, thereby…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-13 Mihriban Ceylan , David J. Prömel

Constraining linear layers in neural networks to respect symmetry transformations from a group $G$ is a common design principle for invariant networks that has found many applications in machine learning. In this paper, we consider a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Haggai Maron , Ethan Fetaya , Nimrod Segol , Yaron Lipman

We numerically demonstrate a network of coupled oscillators that can learn to solve a classification task from a set of examples -- performing both training and inference through the nonlinear evolution of the system. We accomplish this by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Daan de Bos , Marc Serra-Garcia

The standard Universal Approximation Theorem for operator neural networks (NNs) holds for arbitrary width and bounded depth. Here, we prove that operator NNs of bounded width and arbitrary depth are universal approximators for continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Annan Yu , Chloé Becquey , Diana Halikias , Matthew Esmaili Mallory , Alex Townsend

Traditional machine learning mainly supervised learning, follows the assumptions of closed-world learning, i.e., for each testing class, a training class is available. However, such machine learning models fail to identify the classes which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Jitendra Parmar , Satyendra Singh Chouhan , Vaskar Raychoudhury , Santosh Singh Rathore

The emergence and continued reliance on the Internet and related technologies has resulted in the generation of large amounts of data that can be made available for analyses. However, humans do not possess the cognitive capabilities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-12 MohammadNoor Injadat , Abdallah Moubayed , Ali Bou Nassif , Abdallah Shami

Operator learning refers to the application of ideas from machine learning to approximate (typically nonlinear) operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions. Such operators often arise from physical models expressed in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nikola B. Kovachki , Samuel Lanthaler , Andrew M. Stuart

Recent breakthroughs in AI capability have been attributed to increasingly sophisticated architectures and alignment techniques, but a simpler principle may explain these advances: memory makes computation universal. Memory enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Erik Garrison

This paper introduces the Modular Neural Computer (MNC), a memory-augmented neural architecture for exact algorithmic computation on variable-length inputs. The model combines an external associative memory of scalar cells, explicit read…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Florin Leon

A basic question within the emerging field of mechanistic interpretability is the degree to which neural networks learn the same underlying mechanisms. In other words, are neural mechanisms universal across different models? In this work,…

Certainly, the success of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the de facto standard for modeling software systems does not imply closing the door on scientific exploration or experimentation with modeling in the field. Continuing studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

Traditional machine learning excels on static benchmarks, but the real world is dynamic and seldom as carefully curated as test sets. Practical applications may generally encounter undesired inputs, are required to deal with novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Roshni . R. Kamath , Rupert Mitchell , Subarnaduti Paul , Kristian Kersting , Martin Mundt

A classic harmonic oscillator model is developed to investigate the optical properties of coupled metal nanoparticles (MNPs) with arbitrary configuration in plane. The coupling coefficients are derived from classical electrodynamics. Using…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-24 Yuqing Cheng

Brain dynamics dominate every level of neural organization -- from single-neuron spiking to the macroscopic waves captured by fMRI, MEG, and EEG -- yet the mathematical tools used to interrogate those dynamics remain scattered across a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-15 Francesca Castaldo , Raul de Palma Aristides , Pau Clusella , Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo , Giulio Ruffini

In this work we consider a dynamic system consisting of a damped harmonic oscillator and we formalize a Turing Machine whose definition in terms of states, alphabet and transition rules, can be considered equivalent to that of the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Francesco Sisini , Valentina Sisini

The capability of recurrent neural networks to approximate trajectories of a random dynamical system, with random inputs, on non-compact domains, and over an indefinite or infinite time horizon is considered. The main result states that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Adrian N. Bishop

In this paper, we develop a wavelet-based theoretical framework for analyzing the universal approximation capabilities of neural networks over a wide range of activation functions. Leveraging wavelet frame theory on the spaces of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Youngmi Hur , Hyojae Lim , Mikyoung Lim

In numerous robotics and mechanical engineering applications, among others, data is often constrained on smooth manifolds due to the presence of rotational degrees of freedom. Common datadriven and learning-based methods such as neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Karthik Elamvazhuthi , Xuechen Zhang , Samet Oymak , Fabio Pasqualetti

Universality in unitary invariant random matrix ensembles with complex matrix elements is considered. We treat two general ensembles which have a determinant factor in the weight. These ensembles are relevant, e.g., for spectra of the Dirac…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 K. Splittorff

Machine learning (ML) has become a commodity in our every-day lives. We routinely ask ML empowered smartphones to suggest lovely food places or to guide us through a strange place. ML methods have also become standard tools in many fields…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Alexander Jung