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In previous work on the quantum mechanics of an atom freely falling in a general curved background spacetime, the metric was taken to be sufficiently slowly varying on time scales relevant to atomic transitions that time derivatives of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-04-24 Xing Huang , Leonard Parker

We show the well-posed variational principle in constraint systems. In a naive procedure of the variational principle with constraints, the proper number of boundary conditions does not match with that of physical degrees of freedom…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-25 Keisuke Izumi , Keigo Shimada , Kyosuke Tomonari , Masahide Yamaguchi

Within the framework of the individuality interpretation of quantum theory (QT), the basic equations of QT cannot be derived from the basic equations of classical mechanics (CM). The unbridgeable gap between CM and QT is given by the fact…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Ulf Klein

We study second-order stochastic parabolic equations in a cylindrical domain with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Under a natural compatibility condition on the gradient-type noise, we establish global Schauder estimates in…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Kai Du

The dual wave-particle nature of quantum objects is a notoriously unintuitive feature of quantum theories. However, it is often deemed essential, due to quantum objects exhibiting diffraction and interference. We extend the work of…

General Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Geoff Beck

This article develops a variational formulation for the relativistic Klein-Gordon equation. The main results are obtained through an extension of the classical mechanics approach to a more general context, which in some sense, includes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-17 Fabio Botelho

The Schrodinger equation is incomplete, inherently unable to explain the collapse of the wavefunction caused by measurement; a fundamental issue known as the quantum measurement problem. Quantum mechanics is generally constrained by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Kyoung Yeon Kim

Cosmological perturbation theory is an example of a gauge theory, where gauge transformations correspond to changes in the space-time coordinate system. To determine physical quantities, one is free to introduce gauge conditions (\ie to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Danilo Artigas , Julien Grain , Vincent Vennin

A Lorentz-covariant system of wave equations is formulated for a quantum-mechanical three-body system in one space dimension, comprised of one photon and two identical massive spin one-half Dirac particles, which can be thought of as two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Lawrence Frolov , Samuel E. Leigh , A. Shadi Tahvildar-Zadeh

Courses on undergraduate quantum mechanics usually focus on solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation for several simple one-dimensional examples. When the notion of a Hilbert space is introduced only academic examples are used, such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-19 F. Marsiglio

We extend the application of the techniques developed within the framework of the pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics to study a unitary quantum system described by an imaginary PT-symmetric potential v(x) having a continuous real spectrum.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ali Mostafazadeh

Measuring the expectation value of the molecular electronic Hamiltonian is one of the challenging parts of the variational quantum eigensolver. A widely used strategy is to express the Hamiltonian as a sum of measurable fragments using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Seonghoon Choi , Ignacio Loaiza , Artur F. Izmaylov

There has been an upsurge of interest in the consequences for quantum physics of the so-called Wigner's Friend Paradox. In its original formulation, the paradox has been turned inside out, and virtually every aspect of it has been looked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Julio C. F. Silva , B. F. Rizzuti , Cristhiano Duarte

In this article we propose an approach that models the truth behavior of cognitive entities (i.e. sets of connected propositions) by taking into account in a very explicit way the possible influence of the cognitive person (the one that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts , Jan Broekaert , Sonja Smets

A fundamental axiom of quantum mechanics requires the Hamiltonians to be Hermitian which guarantees real eigen-energies and probability conservation. However, a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with Parity-Time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-19 Yang Wu , Wenqiang Liu , Jianpei Geng , Xingrui Song , Xiangyu Ye , Chang-Kui Duan , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

Solitary-particle quantum mechanics' inherent compatibility with special relativity is implicit in Schroedinger's postulated wave-function rule for the operator quantization of the particle's canonical three-momentum, taken together with…

General Physics · Physics 2010-05-25 Steven Kenneth Kauffmann

In this paper, the classical Schr\"odinger equation, which allows the study of classical dynamics in terms of wave functions, is analyzed theoretically and numerically. First, departing from classical (Newtonian) mechanics, and assuming an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Albert Benseny , David Tena , Xavier Oriols

The Dirac equation requires a treatment of the step potential that differs fundamentally from the traditional treatment, because the Dirac plane waves, besides momentum and spin, are characterized by a quantum number with the physical…

General Physics · Physics 2017-04-14 Egon Truebenbacher

We consider a quantum device contained in an interval in the context of the Weyl-Wigner formalism. This approach was originally suggested by Frensley, and is known to be plagued with several problems, such as non-physical and non-unique…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Nuno Costa Dias , João Nuno Prata

In the framework of distributionally generalized quantum theory, the object $H\psi$ is defined as a distribution. The mathematical significance is a mild generalization for the theory of para- and pseudo-differential operators (as well as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Michael Maroun