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Multi-hop Reading Comprehension (RC) requires reasoning and aggregation across several paragraphs. We propose a system for multi-hop RC that decomposes a compositional question into simpler sub-questions that can be answered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sewon Min , Victor Zhong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

The same real-life questions posed to different individuals may lead to different answers based on their unique situations. For instance, whether a student is eligible for a scholarship depends on eligibility conditions, such as major or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peter Baile Chen , Yi Zhang , Chunwei Liu , Sejal Gupta , Yoon Kim , Michael Cafarella

Existing studies explore the explainability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in a limited scenario, where they ignore the interaction between corrections and explanations and have not established a corresponding comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jingheng Ye , Shang Qin , Yinghui Li , Xuxin Cheng , Libo Qin , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Peng Xing , Zishan Xu , Guo Cheng , Wenhao Jiang

A robust evaluation metric has a profound impact on the development of text generation systems. A desirable metric compares system output against references based on their semantics rather than surface forms. In this paper we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wei Zhao , Maxime Peyrard , Fei Liu , Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Steffen Eger

In this paper, we study the possibility of almost unsupervised Multiple Choices Question Answering (MCQA). Starting from very basic knowledge, MCQA model knows that some choices have higher probabilities of being correct than the others.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Chi-Liang Liu , Hung-yi Lee

In this paper, we introduce DRCD (Delta Reading Comprehension Dataset), an open domain traditional Chinese machine reading comprehension (MRC) dataset. This dataset aimed to be a standard Chinese machine reading comprehension dataset, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Chih Chieh Shao , Trois Liu , Yuting Lai , Yiying Tseng , Sam Tsai

Multilingual Machine Comprehension (MMC) is a Question-Answering (QA) sub-task that involves quoting the answer for a question from a given snippet, where the question and the snippet can be in different languages. Recently released…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Somil Gupta , Nilesh Khade

Scientific machine reading comprehension (SMRC) aims to understand scientific texts through interactions with humans by given questions. As far as we know, there is only one dataset focused on exploring full-text scientific machine reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Xiao Zhang , Heqi Zheng , Yuxiang Nie , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

Interpretability is a pressing issue for decision systems. Many post hoc methods have been proposed to explain the predictions of a single machine learning model. However, business processes and decision systems are rarely centered around a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Damien Garreau , Frederic Precioso , Greger Ottosson

Numerical reasoning, such as addition, subtraction, sorting and counting is a critical skill in human's reading comprehension, which has not been well considered in existing machine reading comprehension (MRC) systems. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Qiu Ran , Yankai Lin , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu

It is expensive to evaluate the results of Machine Translation(MT), which usually requires manual translation as a reference. Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is a task of predicting the quality of machine translations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Lei Lin

While MCQs are valuable for learning and evaluation, manually creating them with varying difficulty levels and targeted reading skills remains a time-consuming and costly task. Recent advances in generative AI provide an opportunity to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso , Pedro Pinto , Abel Ferreira , Luís Abreu , Isabel Rangel , Sandra Monteiro

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been successfully applied to significantly boost the capabilities of pretrained large language models, especially in the math and logic problem domains. However, current research and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Konstantin Dobler , Simon Lehnerer , Federico Scozzafava , Jonathan Janke , Mohamed Ali

Medical multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) is particularly difficult. Questions may describe patient symptoms and ask for the correct diagnosis, which requires domain knowledge and complex reasoning. Standard language modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Damien Sileo , Kanimozhi Uma , Marie-Francine Moens

For the field of education, being able to generate semantically correct and educationally relevant multiple choice questions (MCQs) could have a large impact. While question generation itself is an active research topic, generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jeroen Offerijns , Suzan Verberne , Tessa Verhoef

Quiz design is a tedious process that teachers undertake to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge by students. Our goal in this paper is to automate quiz composition from a set of multiple choice questions (MCQs). We formalize a generic…

Universal Multimodal Retrieval requires unified embedding models capable of interpreting diverse user intents, ranging from simple keywords to complex compositional instructions. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) possess strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xiangzhao Hao , Shijie Wang , Tianyu Yang , Tianyue Wang , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang

Existing metrics for assessing question generation not only require costly human reference but also fail to take into account the input context of generation, rendering the lack of deep understanding of the relevance between the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

We introduce the CRASS (counterfactual reasoning assessment) data set and benchmark utilizing questionized counterfactual conditionals as a novel and powerful tool to evaluate large language models. We present the data set design and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Jörg Frohberg , Frank Binder

Unsupervised sentence representation learning is one of the fundamental problems in natural language processing with various downstream applications. Recently, contrastive learning has been widely adopted which derives high-quality sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Jiduan Liu , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Kai Chen , Rui Yan