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Next-generation mixed-criticality Systems-on-chip (SoCs) for robotics, automotive, and space must execute mixed-criticality AI-enhanced sensor processing and control workloads, ensuring reliable and time-predictable execution of critical…

Achieving high performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining architectural flexibility is a critical challenge in the development and deployment of edge AI devices. Monolithic SoC designs struggle with this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Suhas Suresh Bharadwaj , Prerana Ramkumar

Emerging applications in the IoT domain require ultra-low-power and high-performance end-nodes to deal with complex near-sensor-data analytics. Domains such as audio, radar, and Structural Health Monitoring require many computations to be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Mattia Sinigaglia , Luca Bertaccini , Luca Valente , Angelo Garofalo , Simone Benatti , Luca Benini , Francesco Conti , Davide Rossi

Endpoint devices for Internet-of-Things not only need to work under extremely tight power envelope of a few milliwatts, but also need to be flexible in their computing capabilities, from a few kOPS to GOPS. Near-threshold(NT) operation can…

A wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications require powerful, energy-efficient and flexible end-nodes to acquire data from multiple sources, process and distill the sensed data through near-sensor data analytics algorithms, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Davide Rossi , Alfio Di Mauro , Frank Gurkaynak , Timothy Saxe , Mao Wang , Ket Chong Yap , Luca Benini

Deployment of modern TinyML tasks on small battery-constrained IoT devices requires high computational energy efficiency. Analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) using non-volatile memory (NVM) promises major efficiency improvements in deep neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Angelo Garofalo , Gianmarco Ottavi , Francesco Conti , Geethan Karunaratne , Irem Boybat , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained IoT devices remains a challenging problem, often requiring hardware modifications tailored to individual AI models. Existing accelerator-generation tools, such as AMD's FINN, do…

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created an urgent demand for adaptive, resource-efficient Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) capable of handling dynamic and evolving cyber threats. This paper investigates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Hanzala Afzaal , Danish Memon , Chouhdary Bilal Raza , Muhammad Khurram Shahzad

Along with the fast evolution of deep neural networks, the hardware system is also developing rapidly. As a promising solution achieving high scalability and low manufacturing cost, multi-accelerator systems widely exist in data centers,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Guan Shen , Jieru Zhao , Zeke Wang , Zhe Lin , Wenchao Ding , Chentao Wu , Quan Chen , Minyi Guo

Developing accurate and reliable Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures is becoming a key research focus to accelerate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks on hardware, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In that regard, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Omar Numan , Gaurav Singh , Kazybek Adam , Jelin Leslin , Aleksi Korsman , Otto Simola , Marko Kosunen , Jussi Ryynänen , Martin Andraud

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) have been shown to be robust to random bit-level noise, making aggressive voltage scaling attractive as a power-saving technique for both logic and SRAMs. In this work, we introduce the first fully programmable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Alfio Di Mauro , Francesco Conti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

Increased capabilities such as recognition and self-adaptability are now required from IoT applications. While IoT node power consumption is a major concern for these applications, cloud-based processing is becoming unsustainable due to…

The Internet-of-Things requires end-nodes with ultra-low-power always-on capability for a long battery lifetime, as well as high performance, energy efficiency, and extreme flexibility to deal with complex and fast-evolving near-sensor…

On-chip DNN inference and training at the Extreme-Edge (TinyML) impose strict latency, throughput, accuracy and flexibility requirements. Heterogeneous clusters are promising solutions to meet the challenge, combining the flexibility of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Angelo Garofalo , Yvan Tortorella , Matteo Perotti , Luca Valente , Alessandro Nadalini , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi , Francesco Conti

Extreme edge platforms, such as in-vehicle smart devices, require efficient deployment of quantized deep neural networks (DNNs) to enable intelligent applications with limited amounts of energy, memory, and computing resources. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Longwei Huang , Chao Fang , Qiong Li , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

The need to execute Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) at low latency and low power at the edge has spurred the development of new heterogeneous Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) encapsulating a diverse set of hardware accelerators. How to optimally map a…

This work introduces lightweight extensions to the RISC-V ISA to boost the efficiency of heavily Quantized Neural Network (QNN) inference on microcontroller-class cores. By extending the ISA with nibble (4-bit) and crumb (2-bit) SIMD…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

The recent breakthroughs of deep neural networks (DNNs) and the advent of billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have excited an explosive demand for intelligent IoT devices equipped with domain-specific DNN accelerators. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Yonggan Fu , Yang Zhao , Qixuan Yu , Chaojian Li , Yingyan Celine Lin

IoT applications span a wide range in performance and memory footprint, under tight cost and power constraints. High-end applications rely on power-hungry Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) featuring powerful processors, large LPDDR/DDR3/4/5 memories,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Luca Valente , Yvan Tortorella , Mattia Sinigaglia , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Alessandro Capotondi , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi
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