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Dimension witnesses allow one to test the dimension of an unknown physical system in a device-independent manner, that is, without placing assumptions about the functioning of the devices used in the experiment. Here we present simple and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 Nicolas Brunner , Miguel Navascués , Tamás Vértesi

An overwhelming majority of experiments in classical and quantum physics make a priori assumptions about the dimension of the system under consideration. However, would it be possible to assess the dimension of a completely unknown system…

We propose a device-independent null witness dimensionality test with bipartite measurements and input from two separate parties. The dimension is determined from the rank of the matrix of measurements for pairs of states prepared by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Josep Batle , Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Adam Bednorz

We consider the problem of testing the dimension of uncharacterised classical and quantum systems in a prepare-and-measure setup. Here we assume the preparation and measurement devices to be independent, thereby making the problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-08 Joseph Bowles , Marco Tulio Quintino , Nicolas Brunner

We present a simple null test of a dimension of a quantum system, using a single repeated operation in the method of delays, assuming that each instance is identical and independent. The test is well-suited to current feasible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Josep Batle , Adam Bednorz

We evaluate the quantum witness based on the no-signaling-in-time condition of a damped two-level system for nonselective generalized measurements of varying strength. We explicitly compute its dependence on the measurement strength for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-16 Manuel Bojer , Alexander Friedenberger , Eric Lutz

We investigate the dimensionality of bipartite quantum systems by construction of a device-independent null witness test. This test assesses whether a given bipartite state conforms with the expected quantum dimension, Schmidt number, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Josep Batle , Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Jakub Tworzydło , Adam Bednorz

Device independent dimension witnesses provide a lower bound on the dimensionality of classical and quantum systems in a "black box" scenario where only correlations between preparations, measurements and outcomes are considered. We address…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Michele Dall'Arno , Elsa Passaro , Rodrigo Gallego , Antonio Acin

We show that the phenomenon of quantum contextuality can be used to certify lower bounds on the dimension accessed by the measurement devices. To prove this, we derive bounds for different dimensions and scenarios of the simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-12 Otfried Gühne , Costantino Budroni , Adan Cabello , Matthias Kleinmann , Jan-Åke Larsson

We find the minimal number of independent preparations and measurements certifying the dimension of a classical or quantum system limited to $d$ states, optionally reduced to the real subspace. As a dimension certificate, we use the linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Josep Batle , Adam Bednorz

A dimension witness is a criterion that sets a lower bound on the dimension needed to reproduce the observed data. Three types of dimension witnesses can be found in the literature: device-dependent ones, in which the bound is obtained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-18 Yu Cai , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Jacquiline Romero , Valerio Scarani

Analyzing the dimension of an unknown quantum system in a device-independent manner, i.e., using only the measurement statistics, is a fundamental task in quantum physics and quantum information theory. In this paper, we consider this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Jamie Sikora , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Zhaohui Wei

We address the problem of testing the dimensionality of classical and quantum systems in a `black-box' scenario. We develop a general formalism for tackling this problem. This allows us to derive lower bounds on the classical dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-28 Rodrigo Gallego , Nicolas Brunner , Christopher Hadley , Antonio Acin

The Hilbert space dimension of a quantum system is the most basic quantifier of its information content. Lower bounds on the dimension can be certified in a device-independent way, based only on observed statistics. We highlight that some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-30 Wan Cong , Yu Cai , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Valerio Scarani

Based on weak measurement technology, we propose the first three-observer dimension witness protocol in a prepare-and-measure setup. By applying the dimension witness inequality based on the quantum random access code and the nonlinear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Hong-Wei Li , Yong-Sheng Zhang , Xue-Bi An , Zheng-Fu Han , Guang-Can Guo

We report on an experimental test of classical and quantum dimension. We have used a dimension witness which can distinguish between quantum and classical systems of dimension 2,3 and 4 and performed the experiment for all five cases. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Johan Ahrens , Piotr Badziag , Marcin Pawlowski , Marek Zukowski , Mohamed Bourennane

Quantum discord represents a correlation beyond classicality that could be useful for many quantum information tasks, and therefore is viewed as a valuable quantum resource. Theoretically, whether a bipartite quantum state has a non-zero…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Rong Wang , Yao Yao , Zhen-Qiang Yin

We define the stringent coherence witness as an observable which has zero mean value for all of incoherent states and hence a nonzero mean value indicates the coherence. The existence of such witnesses are proved for any finite-dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Huizhong Ren , Anni Lin , Siying He , Xueyuan Hu

Given a set of correlations originating from measurements on a quantum state of unknown Hilbert space dimension, what is the minimal dimension d necessary to describes such correlations? We introduce the concept of dimension witness to put…

We introduce a framework to compute upper bounds for temporal correlations achievable in open quantum system dynamics, obtained by repeated measurements on the system. As these correlations arise by virtue of the environment acting as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Lucas B. Vieira , Simon Milz , Giuseppe Vitagliano , Costantino Budroni
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