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Automated radiology report generation has the potential to improve radiology reporting and alleviate the workload of radiologists. However, the medical report generation task poses unique challenges due to the limited availability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ruoqing Zhao , Xi Wang , Hongliang Dai , Pan Gao , Piji Li

A decade of rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new opportunities for clinical decision support systems (CDSS), with large language models (LLMs) demonstrating strong reasoning abilities on timely medical tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Heejoon Koo

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled researchers to explore tasks at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, such as image captioning, visual question answering, visual dialogue, and visual language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sonit Singh

We propose an adaptive training scheme for unsupervised medical image registration. Existing methods rely on image reconstruction as the primary supervision signal. However, nuisance variables (e.g. noise and covisibility), violation of the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-19 Xiaoran Zhang , John C. Stendahl , Lawrence Staib , Albert J. Sinusas , Alex Wong , James S. Duncan

Despite diverse efforts to mine various modalities of medical data, the conversations between physicians and patients at the time of care remain an untapped source of insights. In this paper, we leverage this data to extract structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Kundan Krishna , Amy Pavel , Benjamin Schloss , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Zachary C. Lipton

We propose an evaluation framework for class probability estimates (CPEs) in the presence of label uncertainty, which is commonly observed as diagnosis disagreement between experts in the medical domain. We also formalize evaluation metrics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Takahiro Mimori , Keiko Sasada , Hirotaka Matsui , Issei Sato

In clinics, a radiology report is crucial for guiding a patient's treatment. However, writing radiology reports is a heavy burden for radiologists. To this end, we present an automatic, multi-modal approach for report generation from a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-02 Shuxin Yang , Xian Wu , Shen Ge , S. Kevin Zhou , Li Xiao

With the rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs), the general public now has easy and affordable access to applications capable of answering most health-related questions in a personalized manner. These LLMs are increasingly proving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Emma Kondrup , Anne Imouza

In clinical radiology reports, doctors capture important information about the patient's health status. They convey their observations from raw medical imaging data about the inner structures of a patient. As such, formulating reports…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Constantin Seibold , Simon Reiß , Saquib Sarfraz , Matthias A. Fink , Victoria Mayer , Jan Sellner , Moon Sung Kim , Klaus H. Maier-Hein , Jens Kleesiek , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Interpretability is crucial to enhance trust in machine learning models for medical diagnostics. However, most state-of-the-art image classifiers based on neural networks are not interpretable. As a result, clinicians often resort to known…

Scientific breakthroughs typically emerge through the surprising violation of established research ideas, yet quantifying surprise has remained elusive because it requires a coherent model of all contemporary scientific worldviews. Deep…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhen Zhang , James Evans

Most words are ambiguous--i.e., they convey distinct meanings in different contexts--and even the meanings of unambiguous words are context-dependent. Both phenomena present a challenge for NLP. Recently, the advent of contextualized word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Sean Trott , Benjamin Bergen

A pre-trained visual-language model, contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP), successfully accomplishes various downstream tasks with text prompts, such as finding images or localizing regions within the image. Despite CLIP's strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 YeongHyeon Park , Myung Jin Kim , Hyeong Seok Kim

Predicting diseases solely from patient-side information, such as demographics and self-reported symptoms, has attracted significant research attention due to its potential to enhance patient awareness, facilitate early healthcare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yibowen Zhao , Yinan Zhang , Zhixiang Su , Lizhen Cui , Chunyan Miao

Automatic radiology report generation can alleviate the workload for physicians and minimize regional disparities in medical resources, therefore becoming an important topic in the medical image analysis field. It is a challenging task, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Xinyi Wang , Grazziela Figueredo , Ruizhe Li , Wei Emma Zhang , Weitong Chen , Xin Chen

What we expect from radiology AI algorithms will shape the selection and implementation of AI in the radiologic practice. In this paper I consider prevailing expectations of AI and compare them to expectations that we have of human readers.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Maciej A. Mazurowski

Automated medical report generation (MRG) holds great promise for reducing the heavy workload of radiologists. However, its clinical deployment is hindered by three major sources of uncertainty. First, visual uncertainty, caused by noisy or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuhang Gu , Xingyu Hu , Yuyu Fan , Xulin Yan , Longhuan Xu , Peng peng

In medical reporting, the accuracy of radiological reports, whether generated by humans or machine learning algorithms, is critical. We tackle a new task in this paper: image-conditioned autocorrection of inaccuracies within these reports.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Arnold Caleb Asiimwe , Dídac Surís , Pranav Rajpurkar , Carl Vondrick

Medicine and deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) engineering represent two distinct fields each with decades of published history. With such history comes a set of terminology that has a specific way in which it is applied.…

Generating long and semantic-coherent reports to describe medical images poses great challenges towards bridging visual and linguistic modalities, incorporating medical domain knowledge, and generating realistic and accurate descriptions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Christy Y. Li , Xiaodan Liang , Zhiting Hu , Eric P. Xing