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Full fine-tuning of large language models for alignment and task adaptation has become prohibitively expensive as models have grown in size. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods aim at significantly reducing the computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jesus Rios , Pierre Dognin , Ronny Luss , Karthikeyan N. Ramamurthy

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) through Transformer structures have dominated many machine learning tasks, especially text processing. However, these models require massive amounts of data for training and induce high resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Kilian Pfeiffer , Mohamed Aboelenien Ahmed , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as LLaMA and T5, have shown exceptional performance across various tasks through fine-tuning. Although low-rank adaption (LoRA) has emerged to cheaply fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Mingyang Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen , Zhen Yang , Linlin Ou , Xinyi Yu , Bohan Zhuang

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains, their considerable scale necessitates substantial computational resources, posing significant challenges for deployment in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yao Lu , Hao Cheng , Yujie Fang , Zeyu Wang , Jiaheng Wei , Dongwei Xu , Qi Xuan , Xiaoniu Yang , Zhaowei Zhu

In this paper, we introduce \textbf{Share}d \textbf{Lo}w \textbf{R}ank \textbf{A}daptation (ShareLoRA), a Large Language Model (LLM) fine-tuning technique that balances parameter efficiency, adaptability, and robustness without compromising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yurun Song , Junchen Zhao , Ian G. Harris , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with downstream data is often considered time-consuming and expensive. Structured pruning methods are primarily employed to improve the inference efficiency of pre-trained models. Meanwhile, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wei Huang , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang

This paper introduces an efficient strategy to transform Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). By conceptualizing this transformation as a domain adaptation process, i.e., transitioning from text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Bingchen Zhao , Haoqin Tu , Chen Wei , Jieru Mei , Cihang Xie

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, offer compact and effective alternatives to full model fine-tuning by introducing low-rank updates to pre-trained weights. However, most existing approaches rely on global low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Babak Barazandeh , Subhabrata Majumdar , Om Rajyaguru , George Michailidis

Conventional fine-tuning encounters increasing difficulties given the size of current Pre-trained Language Models, which makes parameter-efficient tuning become the focal point of frontier research. Previous methods in this field add…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Wang Qi , Yu-Ping Ruan , Yuan Zuo , Taihao Li

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

Low-rank adaptation, also known as LoRA, has emerged as a prominent method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. Despite its computational efficiency, LoRA still yields inferior performance compared to full fine-tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhengbo Wang , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Neural Networks can be effectively compressed through pruning, significantly reducing storage and compute demands while maintaining predictive performance. Simple yet effective methods like magnitude pruning remove less important parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Max Zimmer , Megi Andoni , Christoph Spiegel , Sebastian Pokutta

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become the default approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) due to its significant reduction in trainable parameters. However, trainable parameter demand for LoRA increases with increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

In recent years, pretrained large language models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, full-parameter fine-tuning methods require adjusting all model parameters, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiancheng Zhao , Xingda Yu , Yuxiang Zhang , Zhen Yang

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While highly effective in single-task settings, it struggles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bo Cheng , Xu Wang , Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Classifying Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) in software development life cycle is critical. Inspired by the theory of transfer learning, researchers apply powerful pre-trained models for NFR classification. However, full fine-tuning by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Xia Li , Allen Kim

Parameter-efficient tuning (PEFT) techniques like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offer training efficiency on Large Language Models, but their impact on model performance remains limited. Recent efforts integrate LoRA and Mixture-of-Experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chongyang Gao , Kezhen Chen , Jinmeng Rao , Baochen Sun , Ruibo Liu , Daiyi Peng , Yawen Zhang , Xiaoyuan Guo , Jie Yang , VS Subrahmanian

This paper presents a systematic overview of parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, covering over 50 papers published between early 2019 and mid-2024. These methods aim to address the challenges of fine-tuning large language models by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Vladislav Lialin , Vijeta Deshpande , Xiaowei Yao , Anna Rumshisky