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Providing feedback on programming assignments manually is a tedious, error prone, and time-consuming task. In this paper, we motivate and address the problem of generating feedback on performance aspects in introductory programming…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-09-18 Sumit Gulwani , Ivan Radiček , Florian Zuleger

Interactive feedback, where feedback flows in both directions between teacher and student, is more effective than traditional one-way feedback. However, it is often too time-consuming for widespread use in educational practice. While Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Shengxin Hong , Chang Cai , Sixuan Du , Haiyue Feng , Siyuan Liu , Xiuyi Fan

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Annotated data have traditionally been used to provide the input for training a supervised machine learning (ML) model. However, current pre-trained ML models for natural language processing (NLP) contain embedded linguistic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Abe Kazemzadeh

Once language models (LMs) are deployed, they can interact with users long-term, ideally evolving based on their feedback. Asking for direct user feedback can be disruptive; thus, we study harvesting implicit user feedback from user-LM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yuhan Liu , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

We propose an approach for interactive learning for an image captioning model. As human feedback is expensive and modern neural network based approaches often require large amounts of supervised data to be trained, we envision a system that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Mareike Hartmann , Aliki Anagnostopoulou , Daniel Sonntag

Validating evaluation metrics for NLG typically relies on expensive and time-consuming human annotations, which predominantly exist only for English datasets. We propose \textit{LLM as a Meta-Judge}, a scalable framework that utilizes LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Lukáš Eigler , Jindřich Libovický , David Hurych

We present a novel AI-based ideation assistant and evaluate it in a user study with a group of innovators. The key contribution of our work is twofold: we propose a method of idea exploration in a constrained domain by means of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Thomas Sandholm , Sarah Dong , Sayandev Mukherjee , John Feland , Bernardo A. Huberman

Traditional neural network training typically follows fixed, predefined optimization recipes, lacking the flexibility to dynamically respond to instabilities or emerging training issues. In this paper, we introduce Interactive Training, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Wentao Zhang , Yang Young Lu , Yuntian Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made progress in various real-world tasks, which stimulates requirements for the evaluation of LLMs. Existing LLM evaluation methods are mainly supervised signal-based which depends on static datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Jiatong Li , Rui Li , Qi Liu

Incrementality is ubiquitous in human-human interaction and beneficial for human-computer interaction. It has been a topic of research in different parts of the NLP community, mostly with focus on the specific topic at hand even though…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Arne Köhn

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate SQL queries from natural language questions but struggle with database-specific schemas and tacit domain knowledge. We introduce a framework for continual learning from human feedback in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Thomas Cook , Kelly Patel , Sivapriya Vellaichamy , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Saba Rahimi , Zhen Zeng , Sumitra Ganesh

Recent work has questioned whether large language models (LLMs) can perform genuine in-context learning (ICL) for scientific experimental design, with prior studies suggesting that LLM-based agents exhibit no sensitivity to experimental…

Human annotation of natural language facilitates standardized evaluation of natural language processing systems and supports automated feature extraction. This document consists of instructions for annotating the temporal information in…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Tom O'Hara , Janyce Wiebe , Karen Payne

When deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need effective ways of communicating objectives to them. Traditional skill learning has revolved around reinforcement and imitation learning, each with rigid constraints on the format…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Mark Woodward , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Unsupervised skill discovery in reinforcement learning aims to intrinsically motivate agents to discover diverse and useful behaviours. However, unconstrained approaches can produce unsafe, unethical, or misaligned behaviours. To mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Maxence Hussonnois , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

Precisely assessing the progress in natural language generation (NLG) tasks is challenging, and human evaluation to establish a preference in a model's output over another is often necessary. However, human evaluation is usually costly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu , Wenhao Liu , Caiming Xiong

Natural language interfaces (NLIs) provide users with a convenient way to interactively analyze data through natural language queries. Nevertheless, interactive data analysis is a demanding process, especially for novice data analysts. When…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Xingbo Wang , Furui Cheng , Yong Wang , Ke Xu , Jiang Long , Hong Lu , Huamin Qu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards can improve LLM reasoning, but learning remains sample-inefficient when terminal rewards are sparse. This has motivated a growing line of work on RL with textual feedback, where a critic model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Utsav Singh , Sidhaarth Sredharan , Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi

User simulation is a promising approach for automatically training and evaluating conversational information access agents, enabling the generation of synthetic dialogues and facilitating reproducible experiments at scale. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nolwenn Bernard , Krisztian Balog