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Semantic communication (SemCom) leveraging advanced deep learning (DL) technologies enhances the efficiency and reliability of information transmission. Emerging stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) with an electromagnetic neural network…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Guojun Huang , Jiancheng An , Zhaohui Yang , Lu Gan , Mehdi Bennis , Mérouane Debbah

In this paper, we explore the integration of low-power, low-cost stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) into cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems to enhance access point (AP) capabilities and address high…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Yiyang Zhu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Bo Ai

The stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), comprising multiple layers of reconfigurable transmissive metasurfaces, is becoming an increasingly viable solution for future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we explore the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Enyu Shi , Jiayi Zhang , Jiancheng An , Marco Di Renzo , Bo Ai , Chau Yuen

A novel technology based on stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) has recently emerged. This platform involves cascading multiple metasurfaces, each acting as a digitally programmable physical layer within a diffractive neural network. SIM…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Donatella Darsena , Francesco Verde , Ivan Iudice , Vincenzo Galdi

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems have gained increasing attention as a crucial supplement to terrestrial wireless networks due to their extensive coverage area. This letter presents a novel system design for LEO…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shining Lin , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Mérouane Debbah , Chau Yuen

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) extend the concept of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces by cascading multiple programmable layers, enabling advanced electromagnetic wave transformations for communication and sensing applications.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Giuseppe Pettanice , Andrea Abrardo , Alberto Toccafondi , Marco Di Renzo

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been implemented so far with diagonal RIS (D-RIS), while SIM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a key enabler for next-generation wireless networks, offering beamforming gains while significantly reducing radio-frequency chain requirements. In conventional space-only SIM architectures,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Donatella Darsena , Ivan Iudice , Vincenzo Galdi , Francesco Verde

Future wireless systems are envisioned to create an endogenously holography-capable, intelligent, and programmable radio propagation environment, that will offer unprecedented capabilities for high spectral and energy efficiency, low…

We investigate the integration of stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) into cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (CF-mMIMO) system to enhance the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) performance.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Thien Duc Hua , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

We consider stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) as a tool to improve the performance of bistatic integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) schemes. To that end, we optimize the SIMs and design a radar parameter estimation (RPE)…

Intelligent metasurfaces have demonstrated great promise in revolutionizing wireless communications. One notable example is the two-dimensional (2D) programmable metasurface, which is also known as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jiancheng An , Mérouane Debbah , Tie Jun Cui , Zhi Ning Chen , Chau Yuen

The stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) emerges as an innovative technology with the ability to directly manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wave signals, drawing parallels to the operational principles of artificial neural networks (ANN).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-26 Xiaolei Yang , Jiayi Zhang , Enyu Shi , Ziheng Liu , Jun Liu , Kang Zheng , Bo Ai

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) into future wireless communication systems offers promising capabilities in dynamic environment shaping and spectrum efficiency. In this work, we present a consistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Ivan Iudice , Giacinto Gelli , Donatella Darsena

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has emerged as a pivotal technology for next-generation wireless networks, enabling simultaneous data transmission and environmental sensing. However, existing ISAC systems face fundamental…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Amirhossein Taherpour , Abbas Taherpour , Tamer Khattab

We present a physically consistent multiport framework for stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) with linear and explicit nonlinear terminations. The model provides closed-form input--output relations in the linear case and fixed-point…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Andrea Abrardo , Alberto Toccafondi

The fusion of cognitive radio (CR) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), enabled by stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs), offers a promising path for multi-functional programmable front ends in 6G and beyond. In this paper we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Alireza Fadakar , Andreas F. Molisch

This paper investigates a Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) system. An extended target model is considered, where the BS aims to estimate the complete target response matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ziqing Wang , Hongzheng Liu , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Kai Wan , Xuewen Qian , Marco Di Renzo , Robert Caiming Qiu

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) have recently emerged as a key enabler for realizing electromagnetic wave-domain signal processing in next-generation wireless networks. However, practical SIM implementations often suffer from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Xing Jia , Hao Liu , Haoxian Niu , Jinbao Li , Xiangyu Ding , Lu Gan

Stacked intelligent surfaces (SIS) are a promising technology for next-generation wireless systems, offering an opportunity to enhance communication performance with low power consumption. Typically, an SIS is modelled as a surface that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Omran Abbas , Abdullah Zayat , Loıc Markley , Anas Chaaban