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Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are systems in which one agent interacts with a stochastic environment, and receives only partial information about the current state. In a multi-environment POMDP (MEPOMDP), the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Léonard Brice , Filip Cano , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Stefanie Muroya

This article provides an introductory tutorial on structural results in partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Typically, computing the optimal policy of a POMDP is computationally intractable. We use lattice program- ming…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Vikram Krishnamurthy

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) are rich models for cooperative decision-making under uncertainty, but are often intractable to solve optimally (NEXP-complete). The transition and observation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jilles S. Dibangoye , Christopher Amato , Arnoud Doniec

Rather than augmenting rewards with penalties for undesired behavior, Constrained Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (CPOMDPs) plan safely by imposing inviolable hard constraint value budgets. Previous work performing online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Arec Jamgochian , Anthony Corso , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a framework applicable to many real world problems. In this work, we propose an approach to solve POMDPs with multimodal belief by relying on a policy that solves the fully observable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 András Attila Sulyok , Kristóf Karacs

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a principled framework for sequential planning in uncertain single agent settings. An extension of POMDPs to multiagent settings, called interactive POMDPs (I-POMDPs), replaces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Prashant Doshi , Piotr J. Gmytrasiewicz

Autonomous agents that drive on roads shared with human drivers must reason about the nuanced interactions among traffic participants. This poses a highly challenging decision making problem since human behavior is influenced by a multitude…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Salar Arbabi , Davide Tavernini , Saber Fallah , Richard Bowden

The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) is a powerful framework for capturing decision-making problems that involve state and transition uncertainty. However, most current POMDP planners cannot effectively handle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Sampada Deglurkar , Michael H. Lim , Johnathan Tucker , Zachary N. Sunberg , Aleksandra Faust , Claire J. Tomlin

This paper presents a finite-time analysis for Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), with probabilistic concentration bounds in both discrete and continuous observation spaces. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Da Kong , Vadim Indelman

Standard value function approaches to finding policies for Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are generally considered to be intractable for large models. The intractability of these algorithms is to a large extent a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-05 N. Roy , G. Gordon , S. Thrun

Autonomous driving in a crowded environment, e.g., a busy traffic intersection, is an unsolved challenge for robotics. The robot vehicle must contend with a dynamic and partially observable environment, noisy sensors, and many agents. A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Panpan Cai , Yuanfu Luo , Aseem Saxena , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a powerful framework for planning under uncertainty. They allow to model state uncertainty as a belief probability distribution. Approximate solvers based on Monte Carlo sampling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Daniele Meli , Alberto Castellini , Alessandro Farinelli

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a fundamental framework for decision-making under uncertainty and partial observability. Since in general optimal policies may require infinite memory, they are hard to implement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Muqsit Azeem , Debraj Chakraborty , Sudeep Kanav , Jan Kretinsky

The increasing use of autonomous robot systems in hazardous environments underscores the need for efficient search and rescue operations. Despite significant advancements, existing literature on object search often falls short in overcoming…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Matthew Collins , Jared J. Beard , Nicholas Ohi , Yu Gu

We study how to efficiently combine formal methods, Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), and deep learning in order to produce high-quality receding horizon policies in large Markov Decision processes (MDPs). In particular, we use model-checking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Debraj Chakraborty , Damien Busatto-Gaston , Jean-François Raskin , Guillermo A. Pérez

Planning under partial observability is an essential capability of autonomous robots. The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) provides a powerful framework for planning under partial observability problems, capturing the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Marcus Hoerger , Muhammad Sudrajat , Hanna Kurniawati

Online solvers for partially observable Markov decision processes have been applied to problems with large discrete state spaces, but continuous state, action, and observation spaces remain a challenge. This paper begins by investigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Zachary Sunberg , Mykel Kochenderfer

There is much interest in using partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) as a formal model for planning in stochastic domains. This paper is concerned with finding optimal policies for POMDPs. We propose several improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Nevin Lianwen Zhang , Stephen S. Lee

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is a rich mathematical framework that embraces a large class of complex sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty with limited observations. However, the complexity of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Mingyu Park , Jaeuk Shin , Insoon Yang

Lagrangian-guided Monte Carlo tree search with global dual ascent has been applied to solve large constrained partially observable Markov decision processes (CPOMDPs) online. In this work, we demonstrate that these global dual parameters…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Paula Stocco , Suhas Chundi , Arec Jamgochian , Mykel J. Kochenderfer