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While large language models (LLMs) present significant potential for supporting numerous real-world applications and delivering positive social impacts, they still face significant challenges in terms of the inherent risk of privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Huandong Wang , Wenjie Fu , Yingzhou Tang , Zhilong Chen , Yuxi Huang , Jinghua Piao , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Tao Jiang , Yong Li

In recent years, large language models have been responsible for great advances in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). ChatGPT in particular, an AI chatbot developed and recently released by OpenAI, has taken the field to the next…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Raphaël Khoury , Anderson R. Avila , Jacob Brunelle , Baba Mamadou Camara

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, is having a significant impact on a wide range of fields. While LLMs have been extensively researched for tasks such as code generation and text synthesis, their application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

The use of Large Language Models (LLM) by providers of cybersecurity and digital infrastructures of all kinds is an ongoing development. It is suggested and on an experimental basis used to write the code for the systems, and potentially…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Kaspar Rosager Ludvigsen

As the capabilities of generative language models continue to advance, the implications of biases ingrained within these models have garnered increasing attention from researchers, practitioners, and the broader public. This article…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Emilio Ferrara

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Machine generated text is increasingly difficult to distinguish from human authored text. Powerful open-source models are freely available, and user-friendly tools that democratize access to generative models are proliferating. ChatGPT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Evan Crothers , Nathalie Japkowicz , Herna Viktor

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are now widely used in writing and reviewing scientific papers. While this trend accelerates publication growth and reduces human workload, it also introduces serious risks. Papers written or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kanchon Gharami , Sanjiv Kumar Sarkar , Safayat Bin Hakim , Yongxin Liu , Nahid Farhady Ghalaty , Shafika Showkat Moni

Along with the development of large language models (LLMs), e.g., ChatGPT, many existing approaches and tools for software security are changing. It is, therefore, essential to understand how security-aware these models are and how these…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Jingyue Li , Per Håkon Meland , Jakob Svennevik Notland , André Storhaug , Jostein Hjortland Tysse

Large language model (LLM) platforms, such as ChatGPT, have recently begun offering an app ecosystem to interface with third-party services on the internet. While these apps extend the capabilities of LLM platforms, they are developed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Umar Iqbal , Tadayoshi Kohno , Franziska Roesner

The application scope of Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to expand, leading to increasing interest in personalized LLMs that align with human values. However, aligning these models with individual values raises significant safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sooyung Choi , Jaehyeok Lee , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xing Xie , JinYeong Bak

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) and in particular ChatGPT in programming, source code analysis, and code generation. LLMs and ChatGPT are built using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Ahmed R. Sadik , Antonello Ceravola , Frank Joublin , Jibesh Patra

The widespread use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs), especially in high-stakes domains, raises many privacy concerns. Building ethical LLM-based CAs that respect user privacy requires an in-depth understanding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zhiping Zhang , Michelle Jia , Hao-Ping Lee , Bingsheng Yao , Sauvik Das , Ada Lerner , Dakuo Wang , Tianshi Li

We present this article as a small gesture in an attempt to counter what appears to be exponentially growing hype around Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its capabilities, and the distraction provided by the associated talk of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Michael O'Neill , Mark Connor

Although the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in enterprise settings brings new opportunities and capabilities, it also brings challenges, such as the risk of generating inappropriate, biased, or misleading content that violates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shubh Goyal , Medha Hira , Shubham Mishra , Sukriti Goyal , Arnav Goel , Niharika Dadu , Kirushikesh DB , Sameep Mehta , Nishtha Madaan

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

The rapid development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have introduced a new frontier in artificial intelligence, marked by unprecedented capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Dan Shi , Tianhao Shen , Yufei Huang , Zhigen Li , Yongqi Leng , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Xinwei Wu , Zishan Guo , Linhao Yu , Ling Shi , Bojian Jiang , Deyi Xiong

High-risk domains pose unique challenges that require language models to provide accurate and safe responses. Despite the great success of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and its variants, their performance in high-risk…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chia-Chien Hung , Wiem Ben Rim , Lindsay Frost , Lars Bruckner , Carolin Lawrence

Large Language Models (LLMs) are frequently discussed in academia and the general public as support tools for virtually any use case that relies on the production of text, including software engineering. Currently there is much debate, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ranim Khojah , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto