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Large language models (LLMs) are now widely deployed in user-facing applications, reaching hundreds of millions worldwide. As they become integrated into everyday tasks, growing reliance on their outputs raises significant concerns. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Robin Staab , Jasper Dekoninck , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu

The pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation in social media underscores the critical importance of detecting media bias. While robust Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational tools for bias prediction,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Luyang Lin , Lingzhi Wang , Jinsong Guo , Kam-Fai Wong

The growing collaboration between humans and AI models in generative tasks has introduced new challenges in distinguishing between human-written, LLM-generated, and human-LLM collaborative texts. In this work, we collect a multilingual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Minh Ngoc Ta , Dong Cao Van , Duc-Anh Hoang , Minh Le-Anh , Truong Nguyen , My Anh Tran Nguyen , Yuxia Wang , Preslav Nakov , Sang Dinh

Contrastive learning is a popular form of self-supervised learning that encourages augmentations (views) of the same input to have more similar representations compared to augmentations of different inputs. Recent attempts to theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nikunj Saunshi , Jordan Ash , Surbhi Goel , Dipendra Misra , Cyril Zhang , Sanjeev Arora , Sham Kakade , Akshay Krishnamurthy

Natural language counterfactual generation aims to minimally modify a given text such that the modified text will be classified into a different class. The generated counterfactuals provide insight into the reasoning behind a model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yongjie Wang , Xiaoqi Qiu , Yu Yue , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Yuhong Feng , Zhiqi Shen

Discerning between authentic content and that generated by advanced AI methods has become increasingly challenging. While previous research primarily addresses the detection of fake faces, the identification of generated natural images has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Lorenzo Baraldi , Federico Cocchi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Alessandro Nicolosi , Rita Cucchiara

Large language models internalize enormous parametric knowledge during pre-training. Concurrently, realistic applications necessitate external contextual knowledge to aid models on the underlying tasks. This raises a crucial dilemma known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Xiaowei Yuan , Zhao Yang , Yequan Wang , Shengping Liu , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

We introduce a novel data generation method for contradiction detection, which leverages the generative power of large language models as well as linguistic rules. Our vision is to provide a condensed corpus of prototypical contradictions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Maren Pielka , Svetlana Schmidt , Rafet Sifa

Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in supporting decision-making applications, particularly as personal assistants in the financial, healthcare, and legal domains. While prompt engineering strategies have enhanced the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yougang Lyu , Shijie Ren , Yue Feng , Zihan Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly prevalent, their generated outputs are proliferating across the web, risking a future where machine-generated content dilutes human-authored text. Since online data is the primary resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 George Drayson , Emine Yilmaz , Vasileios Lampos

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved significant success due to their any-order generation capabilities. However, existing inference methods typically rely on local, immediate-step metrics such as confidence or entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kecheng Chen , Ziru Liu , Xijia Tao , Hui Liu , Xinyu Fu , Suiyun Zhang , Dandan Tu , Lingpeng Kong , Rui Liu , Haoliang Li

We present a methodological framework to discover linguistic and discursive patterns associated to different social groups through contrastive synthetic text generation and statistical analysis. In contrast with previous approaches, we aim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 S. A. Desimone , L. Alonso Alemany

While text-to-image generative models can synthesize diverse and faithful content, subject variation across multiple generations limits their application to long-form content generation. Existing approaches require time-consuming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Lee Hsin-Ying , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Learning representations that transfer well to diverse downstream tasks remains a central challenge in representation learning. Existing paradigms -- contrastive learning, self-supervised masking, and denoising auto-encoders -- balance this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Micha Livne

The ability of large language models to generate complex texts allows them to be widely integrated into many aspects of life, and their output can quickly fill all network resources. As the impact of LLMs grows, it becomes increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yongye Su , Yuqing Wu

The advent of black-box deep neural network classification models has sparked the need to explain their decisions. However, in the case of generative AI, such as large language models (LLMs), there is no class prediction to explain. Rather,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ronny Luss , Erik Miehling , Amit Dhurandhar

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their remarkable performance in a continuously expanding set of natural language processing tasks. However, these models have been shown to harbor inherent societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Abel Salinas , Louis Penafiel , Robert McCormack , Fred Morstatter

Fairness in Language Models (LMs) remains a longstanding challenge, given the inherent biases in training data that can be perpetuated by models and affect the downstream tasks. Recent methods employ expensive retraining or attempt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Pragyan Banerjee , Abhinav Java , Surgan Jandial , Simra Shahid , Shaz Furniturewala , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Sumit Bhatia

Model interpretability methods are often used to explain NLP model decisions on tasks such as text classification, where the output space is relatively small. However, when applied to language generation, where the output space often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayo Yin , Graham Neubig