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We study the gap between the minimum size of a Boolean circuit (DAG) and the minimum size of a formula (tree circuit) over the And-Inverter Graph (AIG) basis {AND, NOT} with free inversions. We prove that this gap is always 0 or 1 (Unit Gap…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kirill Krinkin

In the present note we show that for any positive integer k an arbitrary Boolean circulant matrix can be implemented via modulo 2 rectifier circuit of depth 2k-1 and complexity O(n^{1+1/k}), and also via circuit of depth 2k and complexity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-21 Igor S. Sergeev

In this note, we develop a bounded-error quantum algorithm that makes $\tilde O(n^{1/4}\varepsilon^{-1/2})$ queries to a Boolean function $f$, accepts a monotone function, and rejects a function that is $\varepsilon$-far from being…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-11 Aleksandrs Belovs , Eric Blais

Block-encoding operators are one of the essential components in quantum algorithms based on Quantum Signal Processing. Their gate complexity largely determines the overall gate complexity of the full algorithm. Using variational methods, we…

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) play a crucial role in numerous applications within quantum information science, such as quantum state tomography, error correction, entanglement detection, and quantum cryptography. Utilizing \(2^n + 1\) MUB…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Wang Yu , Wu Dongsheng

Idempotent Boolean functions form a highly structured subclass of Boolean functions that is closely related to rotation symmetry under a normal-basis representation and to invariance under a fixed linear map in a polynomial basis. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Claude Carlet , Marko Ðurasevic , Domagoj Jakobovic , Luca Mariot , Stjepan Picek

We investigate computing models that are presented as families of finite computing devices with a uniformity condition on the entire family. Examples of such models include Boolean circuits, membrane systems, DNA computers, chemical…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Niall Murphy , Damien Woods

The Fourier expansion of the loss function in variational quantum algorithms (VQA) contains a wealth of information, yet is generally hard to access. We focus on the class of variational circuits, where constant gates are Clifford gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Nikita A. Nemkov , Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Aleksey K. Fedorov

A probability distribution over the Boolean cube is monotone if flipping the value of a coordinate from zero to one can only increase the probability of an element. Given samples of an unknown monotone distribution over the Boolean cube, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Ronitt Rubinfeld , Arsen Vasilyan

The theory of matchgates is of interest in various areas in physics and computer science. Matchgates occur in e.g. the study of fermions and spin chains, in the theory of holographic algorithms and in several recent works in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. Van den Nest

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian networks are widely used to model stochastic systems to perform various types of analysis such as probabilistic prediction, risk analysis, and system health monitoring, which can become…

We study noisy computation in randomly generated k-ary Boolean formulas. We establish bounds on the noise level above which the results of computation by random formulas are not reliable. This bound is saturated by formulas constructed from…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-11-21 Alexander Mozeika , David Saad

Let f:{-1,1}^n -> R be a real function on the hypercube, given by its discrete Fourier expansion, or, equivalently, represented as a multilinear polynomial. We say that it is Boolean if its image is in {-1,1}. We show that every function on…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-11-13 Tom Gur , Omer Tamuz

We continue the investigation of Boolean-like algebras of dimension n (nBA) having n constants e1,...,en, and an (n+1)-ary operation q (a "generalised if-then-else") that induces a decomposition of the algebra into n factors through the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Antonio Bucciarelli , Antonio Ledda , Francesco Paoli , Antonino Salibra

In this paper, we investigate computational power of threshold circuits and other theoretical models of neural networks in terms of the following four complexity measures: size (the number of gates), depth, weight and energy. Here the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Kei Uchizawa , Haruki Abe

Using $P(n,m)$, the number of integer partitions of $n$ into exactly $m$ parts, which was the subject of an earlier paper, $P(n,m,p)$, the number of integer partitions of $n$ into exactly $m$ parts with each part at most $p$, can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-23 M. J. Kronenburg

We study learnable logic gate networks that stack layers of 2-input Boolean gates to build combinational circuits. Every 2-input gate has a unique multilinear polynomial with 4 coefficients, so the 16 Boolean gates form a codebook of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Youngsung Kim

$\mathrm{QAC}^0$ is the family of constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits consisting of arbitrary single qubit unitaries and multi-qubit Toffoli gates. It was introduced by Moore [arXiv: 9903046] as a quantum counterpart of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Anurag Anshu , Yangjing Dong , Fengning Ou , Penghui Yao

This paper describes a purely functional library for computing level-$p$-complexity of Boolean functions, and applies it to two-level iterated majority. Boolean functions are simply functions from $n$ bits to one bit, and they can describe…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Julia Jansson , Patrik Jansson

We establish a lower bound for deciding the satisfiability of the conjunction of any two Boolean formulas from a set called a full representation of Boolean functions of $n$ variables - a set containing a Boolean formula to represent each…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-06-24 Samuel C. Hsieh